3-3-3 
technique was applied to distribute the 
errors among the observed points. 
4. RESULTS 
The results obtained from the accuracy 
analysis in static and kinematic mode are 
discussed below. Figure 2 shows the 
minimum observation time to achieve 
20cm precision as a function of baselength 
in static mode with RT20. RT20 is the 
proprietary algorithm developed by 
Novatel for phase observation using single 
frequency GPS in real time. 
Figure 3 and 4 shows the horizontal and 
vertical accuracy that can be achieved at a 
baselength of 13 km as a function of 
observation time period. An accuracy of 
20cm can be achieved after 30minutes 
observation for the horizontal component. 
It takes more than 45 minutes for the 
vertical component to give the same level 
of accuracy. The height accuracy is less 
than the horizontal accuracy. 
Figure 2: Minimum observation time as a 
function of baselength 
Figure 3: Horizontal Accuracy (Static 
Survey) 
Figure 4: Vertical Accuracy (Static 
Survey) 
Figure 5 shows the comparison of accuracy 
that can be achieved with real time (with 
RT20, carrier phase observation) and post 
processing (without RT20,only code 
phase). The accuracy achieved in carrier 
phase with RT20 is better than the 
accuracy achieved by code phase.