H 
P2-6-1 
REMAPPING OF HISTORICAL MAPS USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY 
AND ITS APPLICATION 
Nobuhiro YAMADA*, Hirofumi CHIKATSU** 
*Chuo Mapping Co., Ltd., 
Funato 3-15-22, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-0041 
JAPAN 
**Department of Civil Engineering 
Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394 
E-mail: chikatsu@g.dendai.ac.jp 
JAPAN 
Commission V, Working Group V/l 
KEY WORDS: Historical Maps, Remapping, Mathematical Morphology,TIN model, City Modeling, Virtual Archeology 
ABSTRACT 
The attribute data such as shrine, house, street, river and so on which exists in historical maps generally had been classified by 
color, and these data often give the important information for studying the history of city planning, civil engineering, architecture, 
in particular geographic information system. On the other hands, virtual archeology has recently received more attention from a 
possibility that people can appreciate or experience the archeological objects or historical space and art through the computer at 
any time and without going to the museum. 
With this objective, an extracting method of the attribute data using mathematical Morphology and remapping method that means 
geometrical correction of historical maps using TIN model are described. City and scene modeling of historical row of stores and 
houses on a street are also described and virtual archeology are demonstrated in this paper. 
1 INTRODUCTION 
Existing colorful historical maps were mostly produced at the 
Edo period in Japan, and these historical maps which shows 
situation of land use and street in those days often give the 
important information for studying the history of city planning, 
civil engineering, architecture and so on. On the other hand, 
geographic information system or virtual archeology has 
recently received more attention. In order to utilize historical 
maps for GIS or virtual archeology, overlapping for fellow 
historical maps or historical maps and current ones are 
generally requested. For this goal, there are two issues which 
need to be solved. These issues include remapping that means 
geometric correction of historical maps and extraction of the 
attribute data such as shrine, house, street, river and so on. The 
first issue probably can be solved by TIN model. However, the 
second issue is very difficult due to insufficient clarity color. 
Then, this paper describe an extraction method of the attribute 
data using mathematical Morphology and demonstrate the 
application of historical maps to GIS and virtual archeology. 
2 MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY 
A basic mathematical morphology is Minkowski addition and 
subtraction, and the application of mathematical morphology is 
performed by the combination of them. Minkowski addition 
means dilation, and dilation of A by B ( A © B ) results an 
expansion of A and defined as following equation 
A®B=^ B (A)„ •••(!) 
Where, A is an object image and B is a structuring element. 
Erosion of A by B (A 0 B ) has the effect of shrinking an 
object image and defined as following equation. 
AQB=£ B (A) b • • '(2) 
On the other hand, there are two operations, i.e., "opening" and 
"closing". They are performed by the combination of dilation 
and erosion. Opening of A by B (A B ) is defined as following 
equation. 
A B = (AOB)eB • • - (3)