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tradition of extensive cattle farming, but many cattle farmers
have been changing their production and management
strategies, restoring degraded pastures and adopting
confinement systems. These changes make new areas available
for the cultivation of sugarcane (Torres et al., 2009). Nassar et
al. (2008) have also demonstrated that in the state of Sào Paulo,
new areas of sugarcane cultivation mostly occupy areas that
were previously occupied by pastures.
The north central part of the state has a stronger tradition of
sugarcane cultivation and ARs of small territorial extent. For
this reason, concentrations of sugarcane are high, especially in
the ARs of Ribeirào Preto (RP) and Franca (FR) (Figure 5b).
This explains the low expansion observed in these ARs. For
example, RP provided only 2.7% of the total area of expansion
for the state during the analyzed period.
The AR of Sorocaba has the lowest concentration of sugarcane
cultivation because, in addition to being the AR with the largest
territorial extent, it has the smallest cultivated sugarcane area.
4. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The methodology used by the Canasat project allowed to
monitoring the cultivated sugarcane area in south central Brazil,
making it possible to determine, by means of remote sensing
satellite images, newly cultivated areas, areas under renovation
and areas available for harvest during each season. The south
center region represents almost one third of the Brazilian
territory and has by far the greatest potential for sugarcane
cultivation expansion and the use of remote sensing techniques
to monitor this expansion and the land use cover change is very
relevant for a sustainable ethanol production as an alternative to
reduce green house gas emissions.
A total of 7.91 million hectares are currently under sugarcane
cultivation in the South-Central region, of which 7.49 million
hectares are available for harvest during the 2009/10 season.
Between the 2005/06 and 2009/10 seasons, the area of
sugarcane cultivation increased in all states monitored by the
project. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul showed an increase in
annual growth rate in every season analyzed and the highest rate
in the most recent season. However, the state of Goias had the
highest total growth rate.
The state of Sao Paulo showed the largest area of expansion in
across the seasons analyzed, with the western part of the state
being responsible for most of this expansion. The north central
part of the state, with a longer tradition of sugarcane cultivation,
had the highest concentrations of this crop and the smallest
areas of expansion.
Data generated by the Canasat project are available on its
website and are relevant to several sectors that require
specialized information about the area of sugarcane cultivation
according to the various classes.
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank team of Laboratory of remote sensing in Agriculture
and Forest (LAF) for mapping work and contributions.
