The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part Bl. Beijing 2008 
It is confirmed that calibration using pseudo GCPs and 
simultaneous adjustment show less than 1/1000 and more than 
1/5000 which is restricted by GSI in generating each scale map 
using direct-georeferencing system, and the accuracy was 
improved by triplet restriction. 
Therefore, it is concluded that simultaneous adjustment using 
pseudo GCPs and triplet restriction is practical method in 
direct-georeferencing since the simultaneous adjustment have 
ability to perform interior and exterior orientation without any 
GCP nor aerial triangulation. However, 
There are issues, however, for further work. These problems are 
improvement of accuracy and automatic generation of pseudo 
GCPs 
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