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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part Bl. Beijing 2008 
6. CONCLUSIONS 
From the foregoing findings, the following points could be 
concluded. Employing a few externally measured and precisely 
transferred ground control points, Cartosat-1 stereo pairs could 
be successfully used (1) to generate DSMs with 5 m grid 
posting in rolling plains; (2) to generate DSMs with 10 m grid 
posting in all other types of terrains (including hilly) with an 
accuracy of 0.5 pixel in planimetry and 1-2 pixels (lo ) in 
height; (3) to generate orthoimages with sub-pixel accuracy; and 
(4) to generate topographic base maps in 1:10,000 scale. The 
capability of Cartosat-1 image data sets are superior to ALOS- 
PRISM, SPOT-HRS, IKONOS or QuickBird particularly to 
generate DSMs, in the light of their 10-bit radiometry with a 
wider panchromatic band, optimal stereo angles for better stereo 
image matching and operational along-track stereo acquisition. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
Authors acknowledge the guidance and direction provided by 
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Srivastava, SIPA, SAC during this 
Programme from initiation. Authors acknowledge the ISRO 
and ISPRS management for approving the conduct of this 
Programme. Specific credits are due to Dr. G. Madhavan Nair, 
Chairman, ISRO; Dr. Ranganath Navalgund, Director, SAC 
(ISRO); Dr. V. Jayaraman, Director, EOS, ISRO HQ and Dr. J. 
Krishnamurthy, Scientist, ISRO HQ in ISRO and Prof. Ian 
Dowman, President, ISPRS; Dr. Shailesh Nayak, President, 
Commission-IV; Prof. Orhan Altan, Secretary General, ISPRS 
& all ISPRS Council Members in ISPRS. Authors acknowledge 
the international team involved in selection of test sites and 
investigators for this Programme, specifically to Dr. Alain 
Baudoin, President, Commission-I and Dr. David Holland, 
Chairman, WG-IV/9. Authors acknowledge all Principal 
Investigators (Dr. Bryan Bailey, Prof. Ian Dowman, Dr. Pantelis 
Michalis, Dr. Roland GACHET, Dr. Simon Kay, Prof. Mattia 
Crespi, Mr. Fabio Volpe, Mr. Jacek Zych, Mr. Manfred Lehner, 
Prof. Armin Gruen, and Prof. Clive Fraser) and concerned 
international agencies (USGS, UCL, IGN, JRC-EC, U. Rome, 
Eurimage, Geosystems-Polska, DLR & ICC, ETHZ and U. 
Melbourne) for supporting this Programme with their reference 
data sets for each test site. Authors also acknowledge the 
willingness and professional commitment shown by all 
investigating teams and providing timely inputs for this Study. 
Finally, thanks are also due to the large number of spatial data 
handling professionals, who showed their interest to participate 
in this Programme. 
REFERENCES 
Nandakumar, R., PK Srivastava, David Holland & Alain 
Baudoin, (2006) THE C-SAP INITIATIVE BY ISPRS AND 
ISRO: A Scientific Assessment Programme for the high 
resolution panchromatic stereo sensors onboard CARTOSAT-1, 
ISPRS Commission IV Symposium on Geospatial Databases for 
Sustainable Development, Goa, 27-30 September, 2006. 
Srivastava, P.K.., Gopala Krishna, B., Srinivasan, T.P., 
Sunanda Trivedi, Amitabh and Nandakumar, R. (2006), 
Cartosat-1 Data Products for Topographic Mapping, ibid. 
G. Bryan Bailey, Gayla Evans, Bhaskar Ramachandran & 
Philip Cheng (2006), Assessing the Accuracy of Digital 
Elevation Models (DEMs) Generated from Cartosat-1 Stereo 
Image Data, ibid, (presentation) 
Mattia Crespi, Fabio Volpe, Francesco Barbato, Roberta Onori, 
Daniela Poll, Xinhua Wang (2006), Orientation, 
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Cartosat-1 Stereo Imagery: First Results of Test over Rome, 
ibid. 
Rafal Dabrowski, Michal Kedzierski & Jacek Zych (2006), 
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ibid. 
Simon Kay, Rafal Zielinski (2006), Orthorectification and 
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Roland Gachet & Pascal Fave (2006), Cartosat-1 DEM 
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Manfred Lehner, Rupert Müller & Peter Reinartz (2006), 
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Results, ibid. 
Rafal Dabrowski, Michal Kedzierski & Jacek Zych (2006), 
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especialy V-Map Level 2, ibid. 
R. Nandakumar & PK Srivastava (2006), A Status Summary 
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Programme, NNRMS Bulletin, Department of Space, 
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E. Baltsavias, S. Kocaman, D. Akca, K. Wolff (2007) Geometric 
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Commission Workshop, Hannover. 
Manfred Lehner, Rupert Müller, Peter Reinartz, Manfred 
Schroeder (2007), Stereo Evaluation of Cartosat-1 Data for 
French and Catalonian Test Sites, ibid. 
M. Crespi, F. Barbato, L. De Vendictis, G Iannuccia, D. Poli, F. 
Volpe, X. Wang (2007), Cartosat-1 Stereo Imagery: 
Potentialities about Orientation, DSM Extraction and 
Orthorectification, ibid.