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floating in the object space. This paper introduces one kind of 
its utilization for reconstructing models from different source 
data. Plan parameters are fit from topographic maps and height 
parameters are fit from LiDAR data and DEM. Aerial Photos 
are also used for examining and modifying. According to our 
case study of Taipei City, the procedure goes smoother and 
faster with the increase of operating experiences. Here are some 
characteristics of the proposed approach: 
1. For most of the normal buildings, floating model does 
increase efficiency than point-by-point measurement. 
2. The labour-consuming precise measurement is carried out 
by computer while the operator only needs to select 
model and approximately fit it. 
3. The inner constraints guarantees the geometric nature 
unchanged after reconstructing. 
4. It is possible to reconstruct the whole building even if a 
part of it is occluded. 
Brenner, C., 2000. Towards Fully Automatic Generation of 
City Models. In: The International Archives of the 
Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information 
Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Vol. XXXIII, Part B3, 
pp. 85-92. 
Das, S., Bhanu, B. and Ho, C.-C., 1997. Generic Object 
Recognition Using CAD-Based Multiple Representations, in: 
IEEE CAD-Based Vision Workshop, pp. 202-209. 
Englert, R. and Gülch, E., 1996. One-eye Stereo System for the 
Acquisition of Complex 3D Building Descriptions. GIS, No. 4, 
PP- 1-11- 
Ermes, P., 2000. Constraints in CAD Models for Reverse 
Engineering Using Photogrammetry. In: The International 
Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial 
Information Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Vol. 
XXXIII, Part B5/1, pp. 215-221. 
However, we also find some shortcomings of the model-based 
approach: 
1. A building could never be reconstructed correctly if there 
is no adequate primitive model. 
2. The decomposition of building needs practice and 
experience. 
3. It is difficult to implement the subtraction operation 
between two models. 
4. For those very complicated buildings, model-based 
approach will cost more time than data-based approach. 
Therefore, we suggest two further research objectives: (1) de 
signing more primitive models such as curvy plane. (2) analyz 
ing the topology and implement the Boolean operator among 
3D models. 
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