The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 
157 
Share costs of data creation and maintenance. 
Support sustainable economic, social and 
environmental development. 
4.4 Advantage of SDI 
Improved decisions providing decision 
makers what they really need: 
indicators, models, trends and patterns. 
- Adoption of existing spatial data standards. 
- Core data available, in the public domain, via a clearinghouse. 
- Development of a private sector involved with data sales and 
added value. 
- A chance for developing countries to participate in the 
knowledge economy. 
- A more informed electorate. 
- Increased globalization. 
4.5 Applications of SDI 
Lands Records Adjudication 
Disaster Response 
Transportation Management 
Water, Gas and Electric Planning 
Public Protection 
Defense 
Natural Resource Management 
Telecommunications Infrastructure 
Sheet Index 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
3 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
Figure No. 01 
Total 60 Sheet of Chiba Prefecture (Fig. 01) Sheet No 39 
selected for individual study. Total areas 3 Sq. Km. Due to time 
limitation, Out of 3 Sq. Km. Sheet No. 39/7,8, 10 &11 (Fig. 02) 
total 1 Sq. Km. Area are considered as a individual study area. 
The map collected from GSI Computer Mapping Office. 
5.1.1 Geodetic Network Information 
- Geodetic System. 
- Reference Ellipsoid. 
- Projection System. 
- Datum Point. 
- Geographical Coordinates. 
Economic Development 
5. Data Acquisition: 
Data forms the backbone of the GIS industry. Maps, images or 
field surveys are major source of GIS data. Geographical data 
may be obtained in either digital or analog format. GIS use the 
information in a map in a digital form. If the data to be used are 
not already in digital form, that is, in a form the computer can 
recognize, various techniques can capture the information. 
Analog data must always be digitized before being added to a 
geographical database. The digital capture of data from the 
analog source such as maps, imageries, aerial photographs etc. 
is carried out in two different methods manual digitization and 
heads up digitization that is by raster scanning using optical 
scanners. 
Digitization results in tracing the map or other analogy feature 
into digital form in which each feature has a proper location 
identity. This means that features on the maps are represented 
digitally in three different forms i.e. points, lines and polygons. 
The spatial data stored forms the raw data for GIS environment. 
5.1 Data Sources 
The data for this project were obtained from Large scale 
(1:2500) Digital map of Narita City Planning Map for Chiba 
Prefecture. 
Sheet No. 39 
1 
4 
7 
10 
2 
5 
8 
11 
3 
6 
9 
12 
Figure No. 02 
5.2 Data Input in Computer 
The Process of creating an electronic photocopy (scanner) of a 
paper or Document. We can use a flatbed or drum scanner, 
depending on the size of our map or document and the 
resolution require. Scanning results in data that is in raster 
format (See raster-to vector and vector- to - raster conversion). 
The data layer produced will contain all of the detail on the 
input map or image including features we may not want to 
collect.