The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008
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processing of data was made in the same work stations. In both
cases, the primary product was presented by the digital aero-
photogram.
In what regards the approach of the first digital system, the
most compliant photo-aerial cameras used in our country were
Leica RC 20 (or 30), Zeiss RMK 1000 or TOP RMK 15,
generally having a linear resolution of approximately 60 pairs
of lines/mm (amounting to a pixel size of 5,8 pm), and one of
the devices used for scanning the film was DVS 600 from Leica
Geosystems.
In what regards the approach of the second digital system, the
most offering aerial cameras were ADS-40, DMC and
UltraCam-D, and the first thing that could be noticed was the
huge volume of processed primary data, apparently redundant.
In the next period, we propose to approach the so-called
“projection phase” referring to the two image collection
processes in digital photogrammetry, the institutional frame and
the special legislative foresights, the concepts of orthophotoplan
and index cadastral plan, the strategy and revamping in the field.
2. THE PROJECT IN THE FIELD OF DIGITAL
PHOTOGRAMMETRY, THE STRATEGY AND
REVAMPING PROCESS
2.1 The project in transition (the hybrid procedure): using
the classic aerial camera
It is certain that, in terms of efficiency, the cadastral works on
large surfaces of the country can only be realized with the help
of digital photogrammetry, even in the conditions of the hybrid
procedure. In the first year of integration (2007), the Romanian
firms continued to realize data processing through aero-
photography, using compliant photo cameras in collaboration
with the specialized firms abroad; the collection of primary data
was conditioned by the digitalization of aerial images with the
help of the scanning station, keeping into account the classified
information protection standards established by the national law,
after which the final products, the DTM and the orthophotoplan,
were realized by Romanian specialists in the digital work
stations.
2.2 The post-transition project (the complete procedure):
using digital aerial cameras
This procedure refers to the first component of the digital
photogrammetric system which uses opto-electronic cameras,
based on devices interlinked by charge, Change Coupled
Device (CCD) and realizes the direct digital data collection,
with a high geometric and radiometric resolution, with a
longitudinal overlapping of up to 95%, panchromatic, RGB
color (multispectral) and NIR. The second component is
represented by the digital work station which, by using
compliant computers and adequate software, achieves the
collection of digital photogrammetric images up to the
obtaining of final photogrammetric products.
The main medium and large format digital aerial cameras,
offered by the world leaders in geomatics are: Z/I Imaging
DMC (Digital Mapping Camera) of the Intergraph company
(USA), ADS-40 (Airborne Digital Sensor) of the Leica
Geosystems company (Switzerland), UltraCam-D, offered by
the Vexcel company (Canada). For the general cadastre on large
surfaces, in Romania, the DMC digital aerial camera was used,
and for the general and specialized cadastre (urbanistic real
estate), the ADS-40 digital aerial camera was used.
There is a proposal launched within the RSPRS Conference in
2005 and retaken during the RSPRS Symposium in 2007
regarding the creation of a aero-photography unit equipped with
large format digital cameras, as a result of the main Romanian
profile firms’ in the country cooperation.
2.3 The governmental institutional framework
The institutional framework is ensured, according to the law, by
the National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising
(NACREA), having under operation the National Center of
Geodesy, Cartography, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
(NCGCPRS), and at a county (regional) level, the Offices of
Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising (OCREA). The Geodes
Order in Romania issues, under the conditions of the law,
authorizations for the execution of works in the field for private
firms or entitled individuals who participate to the organization
of auctions.
In order to achieve its objectives, the NACREA - as a unique
state authority in the public sector - fulfills a series of important
functions (strategy, readjustment, guidance, representation, etc.),
and for their realization it has a series of corresponding
attributions; mainly, it coordinates, executes and controls,
through the means of the NCGCPRS, the works in its field of
activity, including the processing of digital photogrammetric
images and the verification of the orthophotoplan’s production
flux.
By taking data from the Military Topographical Direction, the
NACREA mainly ensures the execution and maintenance of the
national geodesic network, but also various phases within the
digital photogrammetric works.
At a regional level, the OCREA organizes the auction for
general cadastre works (which will be realized with the help of
digital photogrammetry, by using both procedures - hybrid or
complete) and ensures the registration of terrains and buildings
in the cadastral evidences and the real estate advertising.
Through ordinances of the resort minister, methodological
norms have been established regarding the introduction of the
general and specialized cadastre, and also rules of notice,
reception and verification of the works in the fields of activity.
2.4 Special legislative foresights regarding the exploitation
of photogrammetric works
Through Governmental Decision no. 585/2002, with the ulterior
modifications and completions, protection standards are
established, at a national level, for classified information and
the conditions of aero-photography activities upon certain
objects, areas or places of special importance, aiming for the
protection of state secret information. For taking aerial images
with analogical and digital cameras at a flight scale larger than
1:20,000, the issue by the NROSSI (National Registry Office of
State Secret Information) of a special authorization is
considered.
Both the operations of aerial film developing, within the hybrid
procedure, and the operations of general declassification of
aerial images (scanned or digital) are realized in collaboration
with the Military Topographic Direction (MTD) from within