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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 
In the conventional method, the main work is to create digital 
data for topographic maps and to carry out accuracy control at 
each stage of the work process. The final products in most 
cases are draft maps. 
In the JPGIS-based method, in addition to the creation of digital 
data for the production of topographic maps, the spatial data 
created must also allow data analysis and statistical calculations. 
Each stage of the conventional process also requires product 
quality evaluation in addition to accuracy control. 
In the development of the JPGIS-based spatial data, there is 
also a requirement for the production of conventional products 
such as draft maps. The application of conventional methods to 
build JPGIS-based data will result in unacceptable increase of 
the production cost. To solve this problem, we have developed 
a new data creation method, which will be described in the 
following sections. 
2.2 Description of New Production System 
The new production system that we have configured allows 
data creation at a cost that is not so different from that of the 
conventional data creation method. For this purpose, we have 
simplified the complicated procedures and data structures to 
enhance the productivity of workers. The features of this new 
data production method are as follows: 
® Techniques to convert the XML schema as defined in the 
product specification, to prepare a table of works for data 
entry and compilation and to create the data in compliance 
with the schema. 
(2) The function to create and inspect the spatial data such as 
phase structures. 
(3) Techniques to limit the planimetric features available de 
pending upon the knowledge and skill level of the worker, 
in order to reduce mistakes. 
© Data input function to allow a worker to perform apparently 
the same operations without confusion with conventional 
work specifications. 
© Techniques to standardize data input and compilation pro 
cedures for spatial data creation 
© The function to refer to the product specifications and work 
specifications during data input and compilation work 
within the system, without having to look up the specifica 
tions on paper or in a PDF file. 
© The function to enable logic inspection in quality evalua 
tion as far as possible 
These techniques and functions will be described below. 
2.2.1 Data Creation Method to Meet XML Schema 
The XML schema describes the rules of XML texts, to which 
the data creation should also conform. As shown in Figure 2, it 
is possible to reduce mistakes in the final product by providing 
in advance an input environment that matches the XML schema. 
2.2.2 Function to Create and Inspect Topology 
We have developed an environment in which data models of 
topology describing the acceptable spatial relations between 
geometrical elements can be created and inspected. These 
functions enable the inspection of the topology of planes and 
lines. As shown in Figure 3, the topological relations of the 
lines to configure planes and the points to configure the lines 
can be inspected, allowing creation of data that meet the spatial 
schema as defined in JPGIS. 
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The phase structure data is created and inspected so 
as to be applicable to GIS 
Figure 3 Topological data creation and inspection functions 
2.2.3 Limiting Available Items According to Operator’s 
Skill, in order to Reduce Mistakes 
It is possible to reduce mistakes by limiting the planimetric 
features available for a worker to assign. The available 
planimetric features and work items can be controlled 
according to the worker’s skill level in executing any work, as 
shown in Figure 4. This prevents mistakes that may be caused 
by a worker’s lack of skill. 
Figure 4 Technique to change work environment 
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