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contract will require variable applications according to soil pH 
and other factors. There may be protected areas, where lime 
must not be applied. To support both requirements, buffers can 
be defined around these features. 
The software for the flight itself must meet very complex 
requirements. Tp compute the drift of the lime on its descent, 
and its eventual swath of deposition a range of variables is 
required. This includes the wind speed, the wind heading, the 
average drop speed of the lime and either a value of the flight 
altitude over ground or (preferably) a digital terrain-model both 
for swath estimation and for pilot guidance. With this 
information AeroTopoL continuously shows the position of the 
helicopter on the moving map and a bar where the lime will 
come to rest. Eith manually or automatically the emitting starts. 
This application can be adapted to other fields, including 
ground application by tractor or truck of lime or fertiliser, 
pesticide applications and many others. 
Figure 11: Typical track of the helicopter used for forest 
chalking. Without a FMS a homogeneous coverage is nearly 
impossible 
5.4 Aerial inspection work 
Helicopters are frequently used for the management and 
maintenance of power lines, pipelines and other sensitive 
installations. All these applications require very precise 
navigation; the costs of an error are very high. This application 
is the most near to classical GIS but with even simplified and 
easy to use menus. Differential GPS is used for precise 
navigation and vector data capturing, using predefined database 
fields. Special features like length-splitting, intersection and 
others are used for this work. As pipelines are often buried, the 
exact determination of their location is critical. 
Figure 12: Application for Corridor Monitoring, here the 
observation of a GAS pipeline where a Database with History is 
very important. 
In Germany already gas pipelines are controlled by such a GIS 
based-system. Electric power lines easily can be seen, but often 
several lines are going parallel and here an exact navigation 
with 1 m accuracy is needed do detect problems on the correct 
line. With a GIS based system, it is feasible to record text data 
for later analysis and to update the information on each 
inspection point. By developing a record for each point, 
computer analysis of the electrical or gas transmission system is 
enabled, utilising existing database technology. 
It is only by use of a GIS based management and maintenance 
system that all data collection, utilisation, and analysis can be 
integrated. 
REFERENCES: 
KEMPER, G„ PÄTiKOVÄ, A., (2000):, DGPS and GIS, Work 
with System Trimus-DGPS. 6 th Conference about Information 
system for Agriculture and Forestry, proceedings, Prague / CZ, 
p. 131-133, ISBN 80-213-0591-6. 
KEMPER, G., PÄTiKOVÄ, A., (2000): Measurement 
with GPS and its use. 6 th Conference about Information 
system for Agriculture and Forestry, proceedings, Prague 
/CZ.p. 167-170, ISBN 80-213-0591-6 
KEMPER, G., (2003): Avionic Systems for applications 
in forestry and agriculture. 9 th Conference about 
Information system for Agriculture and Forestry, 
proceedings, Prague / CZ. 
KEMPER, G., PIVNICKA, F., (2003): AeroTopoL - A 
system for planning, navigation and managing of aerial 
photo campaigns or scanning operations. 9 th Conference 
about Information system for Agriculture and Forestry, 
proceedings, Prague / CZ. 
KEMPER, G., (2003): RS-Imagery meets GPS - about 
resolution, accuracy and compatible technologies. 4 th 
Internat. Symposium Remote Sensing of Urban Areas, 
Proceedings, Regensburg. 
KEMPER, G. (2003):. GPS-Datenerfassung fur 
Kartographie, GIS, Überwachung und Fernerkundung; 5. 
Sapos-Symposium, Bundesamt für Kartographie und 
Geodäsie, Frankfurt 
PIVNICKA, F., KEMPER, G. (2004): GIS goes aerial for 
RS-Data Acquisition; XXth Congress of the ISPRS, 
Istanbul 2004 
Kemper G. (2005): Tools of photogrammetry, Remote- 
Sensing and Geo-Information-Systems - The world 
between Developers and Endusers. - Congress on Remote 
Sensing Arabia, Riyadh 2005. 
KEMPER, G., (2006): New airborne Sensors and 
Platforms for solving experimental Applications in 
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Fifth International 
Symposium “Turkish-German Joint Geodetic Days”, 
Berlin. 
KEMPER, G. (2006): Spezialapplikationen in der 
luftgestützten Fernerkundung- Preiswerte Systeme, 
Plattformen und Trägersysteme- Angewandte 
Geographische Informationsverarbeitung XII - Agit 
2006, Wichmann, Heidelberg