1131 
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 
ASTER and ETM image is not good as SPOT5 and IKONOS 
image. It shows that high precision control points are in favour 
in improving the accuracy of geometric correction, but for 
different resolution images, the improving level is different; also 
shows that it is necessary to use high precision control points 
for geometric correction of images for high spatial resolution. 
3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 
By statistical calculation the result is following: 
(1) the precision of ASTER, ETM, SPOT5 and IKONOS four 
kinds of remote sensing are respectively 25 meters, 28 meters, 
21 meters and 6.7 meters through accurate geometric correction 
by calculating control points in topographic map. 
(2) the precision of ASTER, ETM, SPOT5 and IKONOS four 
kinds of remote sensing are respectively 20 meters, 26 meters, 
24 meters and 10.1 meters through accurate geometric 
correction by surveying control points in the wild. 
(3) the precision of ASTER, ETM, SPOT5 and IKONOS four 
kinds of remote sensing are respectively 18 meters, 22 meters, 
13 meters and 4.8 meters through accurate geometric correction 
by GPS (technique of RTK ) or other high accurate survey 
instruments. 
By comparative analysis we obtain the following conclusions: 
(1) the correction accuracy of ASTER and ETM images using 
points surveyed by portable GPS is equivalent in comparison to 
the correction accuracy of ASTER and ETM images by 
calculating points on topographic map, and slightly higher than 
the latter. It shows that surveying points by portable GPS can be 
instead of calculating on 1:50000 scale topographic map. It is 
suggested that control points needed in geometric correction can 
be obtained by topographic maps or by portable GPS for 
ASTER and ETM images. 
(2) the correction accuracy of SPOT5 and IKONOS images 
using points surveyed by portable GPS is lower than the 
correction accuracy of ASTER and ETM images by calculating 
points in topographic map. So it is best not to use surveying 
control points by portable GPS to correct SPOT5, IKONOS 
images. 
(3) Using the points surveyed by GPS (technique of RTK ), the 
correction accuracy of the four images has been enhanced in 
comparison to using the points calculated in topographic map. 
Especially, the accuracy of SPOT and IKONOS images raises 
more. But it is not significant to improve the correction 
accuracy of ASTER and ETM images under improving the 
accuracy of the control points. 4 
(4) It shows that improving the accuracy of control points can 
increase the correction accuracy correspondingly. In order to get 
higher accuracy for the high spatial resolution remote sensing 
images , such as SPOT5 and IKONOS images, it is necessary 
to use higher precision control points . It is suggested that 
control points needed in geometric correction can be obtained 
by topographic maps or by GPS (technique of RTK ) for SPOT5 
and IKONOS images . 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
This work was supported by Aero Geophysical Survey And Remote 
Sensing CenteriNO: 1212010611 ).The author would like to thank 
Chen Jianping,Tian Sufang and Gao Hui for their suggestion 
REFERENCES 
[1] Dial, Gene and Jacek Grodecki (2002b). “IKONOS 
Accuracy without Ground Control.” Proceedings of ISPRS 
Comission I Mid-Term Symposium, Denver, CO, November 
10-15, 2002. 
[2] Grodecki, J. and Dial, G., IKONOS geometric accuracy 
validation". Proc. of ISPRS Commission I, Mid-Term 
Symposium, Denver, CO, November, 10-15, 2002. 
[3] Grodecki, J. IKONOS stereo feature extraction-RPC 
approach. Proceedings of 2001 ASPRS Annual Convention (CD 
ROM),2001, 23-27 April, St. Louis, Missouri, unpaginated. 
[4] Elattori S., Ono T., Fraser C., Hasegawa H..Orientation of 
high-resolution satellite images based on affine projection, 
International Archives of Photogrammetry & Remote sensing, 
Amsterdam,2000, 33(B3), p.p. 59-366. 
[5] Hanley, H.B. and Fraser, C.S., Geopositioning accuracy of 
Ikonos imagery: indications from 2D transformation". 
Photogrammtry. Rec.2001, 17(98), 317-329 
[6] J. Grodecki and G. Dial, IKONOS Geometric Accuracy, 
Proceedings of Joint Workshop of ISPRS Working Groups 1/2, 
1/5 and IV/7 on High Resolution Mapping from Space 2001, 
University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany, Sept 19-21, 2001. 
[7] Chen Jianping , Ding Huoping, Wang Gongwen, Li Qing. 
Modeling for Desertification Expansion Through Integrating 
GIS with Cellular Automata Model.Proceedings of IAMG’05: 
GIS and Spatial Analysis, Vol.l, 105-110 
[8] Kim, J. R., Muller, J-. P.,. 3D Reconstruction from Very 
High Resolution Satellite Stereo and Its Application to Object 
Identification. Symposium on Geospatial theory, Processing and 
Applications, Ottawa.2002 
[9] Fen Zhogkui,etc. Geometric Accuracy Analysis of Digital 
Inlay on TM Image and The Probe of Inlay 
Ways.RemoteSensingof Environment, 1996,4( 11 ):295- 301. 
[10] Liu Chun, Liu Dajie, Wang Jialin. Spatial visual of 
Geometric Correction Accuracy of High Resolution Satellite 
Images. Transaction of Tongji University, 2004,32(3):372-377. 
[11] Wang Xinmin, etc. Geometric Accuracy Analysis of 
Corrected Production of LANDS AT 5. Remote Sensing of 
Environment, 1989,4(4):293-298.