The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 
digital use the film were afterwards scanned in a resolution that 
were reasonable for their intended use. The chosen scan 
resolution directly reflecting the data volume. 
Now using digital captured data, the scanning is no longer a 
parameter, meaning that data are always saved in the best 
possible resolution. 
It is often the case, that data are captured not only in the 
panchromatic band but also in red, green and blue bands, and 
sometimes also in the near infrared band. Because the CIR 
images can be produced partly parallel to the RGB images CIR- 
data are often offered as part of other production. 
Through the image-processing, data is then merged into pan 
sharpened RGB images or pan sharpened CIR images. 
It is most likely that the use of digital captured data, will keep 
on expanding the need of disk space dramatically. One thing to 
do, is to precisely consider what data are actually relevant to 
keep. 
At KMS data are normally delivered in tif-format. For daily use 
data are also compressed into ecw-format, but this is not an 
important parameter for estimating the overall disk space 
because the compression is very hard. Post-processed data as 
orthofotos is not considered in this estimate. 
In KMS productions, it has until now not been adequate, to save 
the image-data in 4-channel images (R,G,B,NIR). Instead we 
have been attach to the fact that software in general is not ready 
to handle 4-channel images. KMS keep two 3-channel images 
(one RGB and one CIR). Using a 4-channel image solution 
would clearly solve some lack of disc-space. But to take this 
step, it is needed that most photogrammetric software and 
image processing software are able to access 4-channel data. So 
they can be processed afterwards. 
4.7 Metadata 
Because a data label on the images is no longer present, there is 
a risk that metadata for the image will loose its connection to 
the image. 
One way to solve this is by defining the Image ID in an 
systematic way - so that sufficient information is available 
within its ID. One example is to name the images as shown 
figure 1. 
Figure 1: Filenames representing project- flightline- and image- 
ID’s, image type (CIR) and UTM-coordinates (E+N in Z32N). 
The Image ID’s shown in figure 1 is created from “year and 
project identification”. Followed by a “flight-line-exposure- 
number”. Next included is the identification of image-type as 
“RGB”, “PAN” or “CIR”. Finally followed by the “image enter, 
Easting- and Northing-UTM-positions” calculated by IMU, 
GPS and AT. 
Another way to secure metadata, is to specify that metadata 
must be incorporated in the image files. KMS uses image files 
in two formats, tiff and ecw. In both cases it is possible to 
incorporate metadata in the file-header. 
But our experiences has shown that metadata in the image files 
are not easily read and we have also found that data in the 
header is often with errors. As a consequence, KMS has been 
working on automatic software procedures, to check the 
validity of metadata in image files. 
Results are that many errors are found in the QA-procedures, 
already when data are receive, and by this is corrected 
immediately. 
4.8 End-products 
Even though KMS has experienced, that digital captured aerial 
images, in general represents images with a higher image- 
quality than analogue images. There are still some general 
errors found in the images, which is often not revealed until 
somebody by accident look into it. 
Errors are apparently not found and corrected during image- 
processing in an automatic way. Some examples are shown and 
commented in figure 3, 4 and 5. 
Images captured for KMS are being used in two different 
production workflows. One derived production is to use images 
and image orientations in photogrammetric workstations for 
mapping purpose. And another derived production is to use 
images and image-orientations, together with a DTM to 
produce orthoimages for administrative purposes. 
Both analogue and digital captured images has been used in 
these two KMS productive workflows. The conclusion is for 
both derived products, that we do not observe any differences in 
neither productivity nor quality, which can be by related to the 
use of analogue or digital derived images. 
4.9 Summary 
The planning process for the digital image campaign has 
become more simple as the only technical specification that has 
to be decided, is a relevant ground sampling distance. This 
together with the fact that KMS now is having the tender- 
companies to do their flight plan for the image campaign area 
specified. 
On the other hand, the tender-evaluation process has been 
complicated, because incoming tenders are found often to be 
more different in character. 
In general, KMS do not see any trends in having a faster or 
slower data capturing process for the digital image capturing. 
KMS experience that the weather is still the major-factor for 
having data captured before leafing. 
On the other hand data processing gives relatively fast results, 
so that processed data can be part of the map-production and 
ortophoto production, already in June. Data logistics and data 
processing is kind of a “black box” which is controlled solely