The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008
topographic data sets. However, the availability of such triplets
of stereo images (HRSC, CTX and HIRISE) over the entire
Martian surface is likely to remain pretty limited. One of the
important surface properties, local surface roughness was
extracted combining the MOLA beam broadening signature and
18-50m stereo DTMs which are available over a relatively wide
area. Unfortunately, the influence of uncorrected MOLA height
values remained in the across track artefacts so that an area
local surface roughness analysis is not yet feasible. However,
our study did partly show the correlation of surface roughness
with the distribution of geological and geo-morphological
features. With the individual track’s MOLA local surface
roughness across different origin’s dichotomy, this correlation
is relatively clear.
One issue that requires future solution is to make precise slope
effect correction in local surface roughness by improving the
accuracy of co-registration with MOLA data. The horizontal
and vertical accuracies of HRSC shown by Speigel (2007) may
not be enough to calculate very high accuracy slope correction
values. Also, there is still some possibility of a few tens of
metres shift between HRSC and other very high resolution
topographic products such as HiRISE and CTX DTMs due to
errors in orientation. To address this problem, over the basic
approach demonstrated in this study, the following
improvements in the stereo processing chain are under
development and show encouraging results.
1) The surface orientation adjustment between HRSC and CTX,
HiRISE intersection points to set control points is being tried.
This may lead to greatly improved accuracy of the HiRISE CTX
SPICE kernel pointing information. The updated SPICE kernel
can be combined with our current non-rigorous model to
decrease the error of some horizontal shift which is currently
observed between HRSC and HiRISE mapping products. 2) A
more sophisticated matching system employing sensor
information and illumination is under development to attain
maximum possible DTM resolution.
Such improvements should guarantee more noise free and
photogrammetrically accurate mapping products so the more
precise CTX and HiRISE DTM products will be applicable for
surface roughness extraction purposes in the future.
In addition, a Lidar simulation using back ray-tracing methods
(Muller & Dalton, 1989; Lewis, 1999) will be tried with the
HiRISE DTMs to give better insights into how the slope effects
can be corrected. Once the best possible correction term is
known the method will be applied over wider areas using HRSC
global DTMs. Finally those local surface roughness extraction
procedures should provide the data sets for a much better
understanding of Martian surface process and the future
selection of landing sites.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank STFC under grant PP/C502630/1 for supporting this
study.
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