The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
3. APPLICATION 
Test box in which was placed buried flexible pipe 312mm 
diameter had a dimensions of 700 mm length x 500mm width 
and 700 mm in height. 20 mm thick transparent Plexiglas was 
used in front of the box in order to make photogrammetric 
measurements (Figure 3). An air pressure membrane was used 
to applying vertical loads. 
Figure 3. The test box 
At the experiments, an LVDT was placed in the approximate 
perpendicular directions and measurements were made under 
gradual load and these values are saved as text files on the pc 
hard disc. 
After each load application, photogrammetric measurements 
were obtained using the developed system with user interaction. 
In load experiments which were used three CCD cameras, the 
average camera-to-object distance for the outer two cameras 
was 90 cm (imaging scale of 1:50), whereas that for the centre 
camera was 80 cm (1:55 scale). Circular targets on test material 
were 6-7 pixels within the imagery. The measurements were 
carried out at 10-14 epochs at load experiments which continue 
up to 140-100 kPa with the increments of 10 kPa. 4 
4. RESULTS 
In summary, the use of multimedia photogrammetry for 
determine of deflection behavior of buried flexible pipe has 
been successfully demonstrated. Sub-millimeter object point 
precision was achieved in all three coordinate dimensions. The 
RMS value of image coordinate residuals ranged from 0.06 
pixels to 0.2 pixels. 
The readings of measurement obtained from LVDT which was 
placed in the approximate perpendicular direction were 
compared with measurement results obtained by using 
photogrammetric system. Figure 4 is shown comparison of 
measurement results achieved for first load test. Similar 
graphics were obtained for other tests. 
Figure 4. Comparison of measurement results 
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