The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
575 
Figure 4. Principle of geo-referencing point clouds data passed 
through a registration process 
3. MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 
3.1 An outline of measurement 
As the region to be studied, oo tunnel section, located at 
Namyangjoo City, Gyunggi-Do, among the highway sections 
by the private capital between Seoul and Chuncheon, was 
selected. And the satellite pictures on the region to be studies 
are like Figure5. 
Figure 5. Location of test-field in a satellite image 
This studied tunnel, as the NATM tunnel, is 1,355m (up=665m 
and down=690m) as total length and 2-way road with 11.573m 
as the width and 6.59m as the radius of tunnel as the 
specification. 
And like Figure 6, as the tunnel of which the shortcrete casting 
process on the excavating surface after Supex-cut is finished, 
outbreak quantity by each section can be calculated as 
comparing the sections by the obtained scan data with the 
excavating line planned in designing. 
Figure 6. View of the object tunnel 
The studied tunnel in this study, as the tunnel where up line and 
down line were divided, had 2 reference points respectively at 
the starting and finishing point of tunnel by each direction and 
the measurement on total 8 ground reference points was 
executed. To measure ground reference points, the model 
named as SET2 30 rk3 manufactured by SOKKIA was used and 
this equipment was the Totalstation making the observation in 
prism/no-prism method possible and the specifications of 
equipment are like the below Table 1. 
Model 
SET30RK3 
Laser class 
Class 3R laser product 
Reflectorless mode : class 3R 
Laser output 
Prism/Sheet mode : class 1 
Measuring 
range 
1.3 to 500m 
(with reflective sheet target) 
1.3 to 5,000m 
(with AP prism) 
Accuracy 
±(3+2ppmxD)mm 
(with reflective sheet target) 
£(2+2ppmxD)mm 
(with AP prism) 
Table 1. Specification ofSET2 30 RK3 
And, the 3-dimensional laser scanner used in this study, as GS 
200 model manufactured by Trimble company, uses TOF 
measuring method and can measure the objects with 18% of 
reflection intensity to about 200m distance. And due that it uses 
the laser in the area of luminous energy of 532nm wave range, 
the acquisition of color information is possible. The 
specifications of GS200 model are like the Table 2. 
Model 
GS 200 
instrument 
type 
long range laser mapping 
system 
General 
metrology 
method 
time of flight 
pulsed 532nm, green 
laser 
class 3R 
(IEC 60825-1) 
Specifi 
cation 
class 2 
(21CER 1041.ID) 
field 
of view 
360°x60° continous single 
scan 
range 
standard 200m 
scanning speed 
up to 5,000 points/second 
Perfor 
mance 
standard 
deviation 
1.4mm@< 50m 
2.5mm@<100m 
3.6mm@<150m 
6.5mm@<200m 
single point 
accuracy 
position 12mm@100m 
distance 7mm@100m 
scan resolution 
spot size : 3 mm 
Table 2. Specification of GS 200 
The tunnel for this study is the tunnel of which the up-line and 
the down-line are divided. Accordingly, like Figure 7, the