The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
the mural firstly, and then we marked the diseases using 3D 
models and 3D orthophotoes of the murals. 
Figure 7(a) is the disease marks that the professionals drew in 
2D panoramic of the mural. It shows type and distribution of 
mural diseases, but it cannot give true position and true size of 
mural diseases. Determining true position and true size of mural 
diseases must depend on 3D model and 3D orthophoto, just like 
Figure 7(b)-7(d). 
(b) 
(c) (d) 
Figure 7. Diseases marking 
5. CONCLUSIONS 
Mural survey is a complex task, and we have proposed a system 
for investigation on mural diseases in 3D space using laser 
scanning and photogrammetry: range image and digital image 
recording the information of murals. Range images constrain 
geometry and digital images constrain colour texture. 
In trying to acquire and post-process laser data and image data, 
we had to force many difficulties. We discussed the methods of 
post-processing range data and image data, these methods can 
be applied to other applications. We presented a method of 
mapping the images from a hand-held digital camera onto 3D 
model, and this method is very useful to integrating laser 
scanning with digital photogrammetry. 
We verified that integrating laser scanning with digital 
photogrammetry is one of the important means for mural survey 
by the investigation on mural diseases of Jokhang Temple. 
In particular, there were several disappointments. Some images 
we captured could be used because of image quality questions, 
and the bigger holes because of occlusions and self occlusions