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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
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Based on the Hutong graph of 7 typical years, we assign 
attribute field using automatic method. By Map Objects [ll] , the 
develop tools of ESRI, using the attribute “Code” in Hutong 
data of shapefile format as a key word, put other attributes in 
the Hutong data. The attributes are: Code, Name of each typical 
year, width, length, start position, end position. 
2.3.5 Produce the Hutong GIS data of transition 
Based on Hutong GIS data of 1949, add the newly built Hutong 
in other 6 typical years. By the developing tools Map Object, on 
Visual Basic platform, using the attribute “Code” in Hutong 
data of shapefile format as a key word, put other attributes in 
the Hutong data, Attribute are: Code, Name of 1949, Name of 
1965, Name of 1980, Name of 1990, Name of 2003, Name of 
2003, Name of 2005, Name of 2007, Width, Length, Built age, 
Demolished age, Start location, End location. The attributes are 
different from those of 7 typical years, and reflects the transition 
of each Hutong very well. 
2.3.6 Produce the famous Hutong and Hutong inside of the 
regions of history and culture GIS data 
The production of famous Hutong is based on Hutong GIS data 
of 2007, according to the chorography data, identify which are 
famous Hutong and produce the GIS data. 
Comparing the < Graph of Protection Regions of History and 
Culture >, and based on Hutong GIS data of 2007, keep the 
Hutong inside of protection regions of history and culture. 
2.4 The Foundation of Spatial Database 
In this paper, a spatial database |l2 ] is founded to manage GIS 
data of Hutong in Beijing imperial city, which meets the 
requirement of search, extract, compare and analyze in historic 
Hutong data. The database is C/S structure. In the service port, 
use Oracle as database platform and ArcSDE as spatial database 
engine. In the client port, use ArcGIS as basic platform. The 
spatial database is developed by Visual Basic to realize data 
input, edit, search, extract, compare and analyze function based 
on ArcObject. The GIS database of Hutong in Beijing imperial 
city managed the Hutong GIS data efficiently. 
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 
3.1 The transition of Hutong in Beijing imperial city 
In the <Beijing History Atlas>, in Zhizheng age of the Yuan 
dynasty, the number of Hutong in Beijing imperial city was 
about 413; in Wanli and Chongzhen age of the Ming dynasty, 
the number was about 1170; in Qianlong of the Qing dynasty, 
this number reached 2077. 
By statistics to Hutong GIS data of 7 typical years, Hutong in 
Beijing imperial city was changed tremendously during 58 years 
from 1949 to 2007. Figure3 show the change, Figure3a is 
Hutong in 1949, Figure3b is Hutong in 2007, the black line 
presents street, and the red line represent Hutong. 
'll 
a b 
Figure 3. Hutong in 1949 and 2007 
1) The transition in number 
The number of Hutong in Beijing imperial city was 3073 in 
1949, 2382 in 1965, 2290 in 1980, 2242 in 1990, 1559 in 2003, 
1384 in 2005 and 1365 in 2007. The statistic figure of the 
number of Hutong in imperial city is as Figure4. 
The transition in number 
Age 
Figure 4. The transition of Hutong in number 
Figure4 indicates, Hutong was sprung up in the Yuan dynasty 
and developed in the Ming and the Qing dynasty. In 1949, the 
number of Hutong reached the peak. From 1949 to 2007, the 
number of Hutong decreased by 55% in number. Three periods 
decrease acutely: from 1949 to 1965, from 1990 to 2003, from 
2003 to 2005. 
2) The transition in length 
The length of Hutong was about 756 km in 1949, in 1965 was 
711 km, in 1980 was 689 km, in 1990 was 671 km, in 2003 was 
470 km, in 2005 was 402 km, and in 2007 was 395 km. The 
statistic figure of the transition in length of Hutong is as 
Figure5. 
Figure 5. The transition of Hutong in length 
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