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DEVELOPMENT OF CONVENIENT 3D MEASUREMENT USING CONSUMER 
GRADE DIGITAL CAMERA: THE 3DIVISION EXAMPLES 
Misato Iwamoto, Hirofumi Chikatsu 
Dept, of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Denki University 
350-0394, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan - (07smg05@ms, Chikatsu@g).dendai.ac.jp 
Commission V, WG V/2 
KEY WORDS: Close-range Photogrammetry, Triplet images, Calibration, Software, Digital Cameras, 3D Modelling 
ABSTRACT: 
The authors have been concentrating on developing a convenient 3D measurement method using consumer grade digital cameras, 
and software “3DiVision” has been designed to perform convenient 3D measurements under the key words; 3Dimension, Digital 
image and Visualization. “3DiVision” has shown the capability to compute both exterior and interior orientation parameters 
simultaneously without GCP on the object space. There is still, however, issue which need to be confirmed before the 3DiVision 
may become operational. The problem is multipurpose use in various application fields.In order to confirm multipurpose use of the 
3DiVision, the examples of the 3DiVision are given in this paper. In particular, cliff was measured by consumer grade digital 
camera from the view point of application to civil engineering, and it was confirmed that the accuracy for the horizontal, vertical 
cross sections and the volumes are almost same results compare with terrestrial laser scanning results. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Recently, pixel numbers of consumer grade digital cameras are 
amazingly increasing, and there are many low-priced 
consumer grade digital cameras on the market. For example, 
14 Mega consumer grade digital cameras have already 
appeared on the market in March, 2008. In these circumstances, 
convenient 3D measurement using consumer grade digital 
cameras are enormously expected in various application fields. 
Therefore, performance evaluations for consumer grade digital 
cameras have been investigated from the view point of digital 
Photogrammetry (Fraser, 1997; Kunii, et al., 2001, Noma, et 
al., 2002; Habib, et al., 2003). On the other hand, software for 
digital photogrammetry “3 Division” was designed to perform 
convenient 3D measurement using consumer grade digital 
cameras by the authors (Chikatsu, et al., 2002), and 
“3DiVision” was improved using triplets images (Chikatsu, et 
al., 2006). However, there is still issue for multipurpose use of 
the 3DiVision in various application fields. 
In order to confirm multipurpose use of the 3 Division, triplet 
images for various objects such as cliff from the view point of 
application to civil engineering, stone Buddha, huge ginkgo 
and damaged car from the view point of conservation of 
cultural assets and industrial measurement were taken by 
consumer grade digital cameras. After brief explanation of the 
3 Division, various examples of the 3 Division are given in this 
paper. 
2. 3DiVision 
The parameters in 3 Division are exterior orientation 
parameters for the three cameras (left, center, right), and 
interior orientation parameters which is common to three 
cameras. The main algorithms of the 3DiVision is 
simultaneous adjustment for triplet images, and the 3Division 
have capability to perform exterior and interior orientation 
simultaneously without GCPs. Figure 1 shows concept of the 
3DiVision, and Figure 2 shows calibration procedures. 
Figure 1. Concept of the 3DiVision 
1. Relative orientation 
2. Exterior orientation 
using scale D 
3. Generation of quasi-GCP 
4. Self-calibration of center 
camera using quasi-GCP 
5. Simultaneous adjustment 
for triplet images. 
Figure 2. Calibration procedures