The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008 
(ii) To generate relatively good DEMs from the flat 
area, because the topographic features can not affect 
the image. 
(A) End-moraine 
DEM section at the end moraine and dead-ice were 
generated (Figure 9). The end-moraine is visible in each 
DEMs but not for the SRTM data. Both sides of the end 
moraine were depicting lacking value of HS-DEM. 
From the optical image it can be seen that this area is 
mostly composed by water and the water bodies were 
frozen and the surface had snow. Since snow reflect the 
radar weakly, the value can not be acquired. 
(B) Flat area 
The border between the debris area and the side- 
moraine is visible in the SM-DEMs. On the contrary, 
they are not distinguishable in the E1S-DEM and SRTM 
DEM. It is noticed that the glacier covered with sand or 
sand gravel (known as debris) is highly elevated and it 
gradually decreases from the debris to the side-moraine. 
On the debris area many variations of colors could be 
seen (Figure 10). Apparently, such variation indicate 
that these DEMs can offer detailed information. 
4. CONCLUSIONS 
In this study with the use of InSAR processing, we 
generated DEMs by TerraSAR-X images. As a result of 
comparing them with the SRTM data, it was noticed 
that DEMs generated in this study can have the same 
qualitative accuracy results for the qualitative 
evaluation. In addition, both DEMs can show the end- 
moraine and the side-moraine, which cannot be 
observed by the SRTM data. Therefore, HS-DEM and 
SM-DEM may be more useful than the SRTM for 
monitoring purposes or for analysis of flood simulations. 
Glaciers were located on the cliffs and there was a 
concern that such topography might have affected the 
quality of the images. However, the DEMs of almost all 
areas were generated without any problem in the 
present study. Only in some rare cases the mountain 
ridge affected the image acquisitions. Therefore with 
the data fusion of DEMs, generated in both directions 
(ascending and descending), it is expected to obtain 
even more accurate images. 
We did not conduct quantitative evaluation which will 
be conducted in the near future. Also in the current 
study, occasionally, different results between HS-DEMs 
and SM-DEMs were obtained. It would be interesting 
and necessary as a future study to understand the causes 
of such phenomena. 
(Upper left:HS-DEM, Upper right: HS-CC, Middle left: SM- 
DEM, middle right: SM-CC, lower left: SRTM, upper right: 
ALOS/AVNIR-2) 
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Figure 10. The flat area. 
(Upper left:HS-DEM, Upper right: HS-CC, Middle left: SM- 
DEM, middle right: SM-CC, lower left: SRTM, upper right: 
ALOS/AVNIR-2)