The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008
1:100 scale land cover datasets also were produced based on
remotely sensed data in USA in recent years.
European Economic Community executed the huge project
named MARS to monitor the plantation, crop change in Europe
since 1992. MARS had the running capacity and reported to the
agriculture headquarters of Europe Economic Community every
two weeks. Canada has realized macro resources survey, update
and mapping mechanism based on RS and GIS recent years.
2.2 Resources and environment remote sensing
development in China
After several Five-Year Plans, China has achieved huge
progress in resources and environment remote sensing
synthesized application. From 1985 to 1990, remote sensing
technique development has been one of the national key
scientific research projects. Large research projects and
application engineering have been launched such as loess
plateau remote sensing survey, “Three North” protection forest
project, and so on. From 1990 to 1995, remote sensing
techniques have been used in natural hazards monitoring and
evaluation, crop yield assessment, etc (Wang Naibin,1996; Pan
Xizhe,1998). From 1995 to 2000 years, resources and
environment macro survey and investigation for land has been
implemented in China (Liu Yuji, et al,2000). Through these
work, many land resources databases (e.g., land use/land cover
databases) have been established. In the latest decade, remote
sensing techniques are used in many industries, such as city
development, environment protection, disaster prevention and
protection, regional analysis, global change, and so on. These
widely application has brought obvious social and economical
effects for the development of China.
2.3 Remote sensing research and application for Chinese
satellites
China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-01) which was
jointly developed by China and Brazil was successfully
launched on October 14, 1999. It includes three sensors: 1) WFI
(300 km swath; 260 m resolution; 4 bands); 2) IR-MSS (20 km
swath; 80 m resolution; 4 bands including thermal); and 3)
CCD (20 m resolution; 4 bands). These images are concentrated
mainly over Brazil and China. It has been now switched to the
stage of operation and application since it was relegated to
China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application
(CRESDA) on March 2, 2000. CBERS-02 was launched on
September 1, 2000. And now, CBERS-02B was launched on
September 19, 2007. Since 2000 to now, more than 230000
images are published to native and international users. These
images almost cover the whole China region 170 times.
Several kinds of meteorological satellites have been launched
by China. The famous one is FENG YUN series satellites.
FENG YUN 1 and FENG YUN 3 satellite (the code name FY-1
and FY-3) (FENG YUN = “Wind and Cloud”) are the first
generation of sun synchronous meteorological satellite, FENG
YUN 2 satellite (the code name FY-2) is the first generation of
geostationary meteorological satellite. FY-1C and D was
launched in 1999 and 2002. They have 10-channel (visible and
IR) scanning radiators. It is competent for monitoring for ice,
snow, vegetation, soil moisture, water and related land cover.
FY-2C was launched in October, 2004. Its resolution is about
1.25km. Its images scope covers 1/3 of the world centred by
China. FY-3 is a new generation polar orbit meteorological
satellite of China launched in 2006. There are total of 11
different remote sensing sensors onboard it, which are designed
to get the geophysical parameters of atmosphere, land, and
ocean surfaces at the same time all day and night and in all
weather conditions.
Beijing-1 satellite (DMC + 4 microsatellites) was launched on
October 27th 2005, which covers a large area and has
outstanding ability of continual observation. Beijing-1 carries
the same 32 meter GSD multispectral sensor, but the addition of
high-capacity hard drives and X band data link enable the
satellite to acquire, store and transmit up to 4100 kilometres
along track, a 16-fold increase on the first generation DMC
satellites. The data can be stored on the satellite and down
linked at the satellite owner’s facility or can be downloaded
direct to a suitable local ground station. Beijing-1 also carries a
4 meter panchromatic imager, which has a 24 kilometre swath
and can use on-board storage to acquire up to 4100 kilometres
along track. The panchromatic data is useful for infrastructure
mapping, change detection, field boundary delineation and
many other tasks for which very high resolution data is required.
While, till to now the mainly use of Chinese satellites are
focused on native area of China, and its application techniques
are not professional. It is still need more research and study in
native and international area.
3. MAINBODY
3.1 Target and research area
3.1.1 Target: According to the global application
requirements of Chinese satellites, the paper studied the
application techniques of domestic satellites in Russia Siberian
area where is neighboring area of China. The core research
target can be divided into 3 parts as below. ( 1 ) Chinese satellite
land use/land cover monitoring techniques research. (2) Chinese
satellite regional environmental background values extraction
and parameter inversion techniques. (3) Chinese satellite
regional ecological evaluation techniques.
3.1.2 Research area: The research area in Siberian and its
neighboring region covers from 90E to 125E, and its length and
width is respectively about 6000km and 200km. The core
research and application technique research area is mainly
focused on the surrounding area of Baikal Lake of Russia,
where covers the area from east longitude 100 to 110, from
north latitude 50 to 60. Research area is shown in figure 1.
80’ E 100’ E 120’ E
Figure 1. Research region