The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008
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3. METHODOLOGY
The process involved the following major steps:
• Aerial Phoptography on sales 1:10,000 and 1:4,000 using
RMK TOP 30/23
• Providing Ground Control Points using DGPS
• Generation of digital Ortho images on UTM projection
and WGS84 datum for entire district excluding forest and
water areas
• Generating images on scale
• Identification of ownerships on the ground in the presence
of owners
• Total Station Survey where identification on images was
not possible
• Generating Land Parcel maps (LPMs) with measurements
and other field collected information on laptops in field
• Delivering the LPMs to owners
• Title process
Initially, there was a lot of movement of persons and records
between Nizamabad and Hyderabad ( about 200 km ) causing
delay in distribution of LPMs to owners. In this
approach, persons demarcating parcels on the ground were
different from those transferring from bromide prints to ortho
images. After experimenting with several
methodologies/approaches a modified model/approach has
been evolved and streamlined for field work.
Field teams are organized in the following manner :
• Demarcating parcels on ground and identifying them on
the bromide print
• Transferring boundaries from bromide print to ortho
images on Lap top and generating land parcel maps
In this model farmers generally got LPMs within 24 - 48 hours
and they are happy about it. When farmers are helping the
demarcation work by comparing with bromide print they are
excited to identify micro-details in their farms on the
photographs. In the past it used to take several months/years to
supply LPMs. Villagers are not able to believe that parcel maps
can be made available within such a short time after ground
survey, that too in India. Their confidence levels have gone up
because of the scientific and transparent approach
In the new model, persons who demarcate on the ground and
transfer from bromide print to ortho image are the same, thus
ensuring accuracy, efficiency and saving of time.
Total Station is used for village boundaries and for surveying
such details which are not identifiable on the photographs. It
was interesting to know that one team completes about 70 acres
per day, perhaps the out-turn of traditional survey team in one
month. In April 2008, 1,50,000 acres have been completed,
indicating mproved out-turn with experience. Another
interesting aspect is that there are 25 Lap Tops with printers
available with the survey teams in the field area for providing
on the spot village maps. This project has created employment
opportunities to the rural areas and also the opportunity to work
on their lands. Local knowledge proved to be a plus point in
these operations.
The feed back points obtained from the villagers based on the
distributed LPM are promptly attended and rectified to the
extent possible. Objections on LPMs was a mere 1.6% thus
establishing credibility of the adopted system. This speedy and
efficient system of service has provided a high level of
satisfaction to the farmers.
Thus, the efficient technology of Digital Photogrammetry has
reached grass root levels to serve the villagers/farmers and help
development projects - a most important mapping need of the
country.
Whenever Resurveys/fresh surveys are done, particularly after
decades of gap as in India, the present data will not agree with
old data. Acceptance of the owners should be made legally
possible. This has to be tackled under the existing rules or new
rules, to ensure eventually clear and proper title to the owners.