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Title
Transactions of the Symposium on Photo Interpretation

EXPERIENCES WITH AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
IN THE STUDY OF CASTLES
by A. I. J. M. SCHELLART
Muiderberg, the Netherlands
Abstract Aerial photography as applied to the investigation of special aspects of the study
of castles is comparatively recent. Both vertical and oblique photographs can, by their partic
ular characteristics, contribute to the knowledge of the medieval art of fortification.
In several cases verticals have made the scientific study of castles possible. Also they have led
to the discovery of remnants of castles which have completely disappeared.
Obliques can indicate the situation of a castle in the surrounding countryside and explain
just why a particular place justified the construction of a fortification. For documentation of
excavations they are unequalled.
Résumé La photographie aérienne n’a contribué qu’assez récemment à éclairer certains
aspects de l’étude des forteresses anciennes. La recherche sur les ouvrages défensifs du Moyen-
Age bénéficie à la fois des caractéristiques des vues verticales et de celles des vues obliques.
Les vues verticales ont constitué souvent la base indispensable à une étude systématique des
forteresses anciennes. Elles ont permis d’en découvrir dont il ne restait pas de traces visibles
au sol.
Les vues obliques peuvent justifier la présence d’un château-fort dans un lieu donné, en
situant l’ouvrage dans l’ensemble du paysage. Pour la documentation de fouilles elles sont
sans pareil.
Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung von Luftbild-Aufnahmen bei dem von verschiedenen
Gesichtspunkten ausgehenden Studium von Schlössern ist verhältnismässig neueren Datums.
Beides, Vertikal- und Schräg-Aufnahmen können durch ihre speziellen Eigenschaften einen
Beitrag liefern zur Kenntnis von mittelalterlichen Befestigungs-Anlagen.
In manchen Fällen ermöglichen Vertikal-Aufnahmen das wissenschaftliche Studium von
Schlössern. Sie führen auch zur Entdeckung von Rudimenten von Bauten welche vollkommen
verschwunden sind.
Schrägaufnahmen können die Lage einer Burg in der umgebenden Landschaft angeben und
erklären, warum gerade ein gegebener Ort den Bau einer Befestigung rechtfertigte. Für die
Beweisführung von Ausgrabungen sind sie von unvergleichlichem Wert.
Investigations into the oldest types of medieval castles in Holland and their
location have been greatly facilitated by the introduction of the use of aerial
photographs more than ten years ago. The author has compiled a number of
examples of traces of these castles being found on aerial photographs. Many of
these were taken from publications, while others were discovered during re
search for this study. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, by specific exam
ples, the usefulness of aerial photographs in such a study.
It is well known among historians who are concerned with the investigation
of castles, that the oldest medieval fortifications in Holland (as in other coun
tries) had a circular or polygonal groundplan. Few of these castles can be
found in good condition to-day. The ravages of time and warfare, and changes
in the art of war, have resulted in their disappearance or in their being radically
changed. Thus sources of information and data, other than the actual building