9
? Evaluation by SPOT
Site. In : P.Rei-
)pe 82, 15-42.
note sensing.
la compréhension
action : essai de
tointerprétation
Simp.Intern.de la
Photogr. et Teled.,
Interprétation des
ison avec les peti-
c.Française de
Comparaison de
images à haute
Nat.Agronomique
Interprétation du
tir de clichés de
approche botanique
nr.99-3, 41-51.
terpretation techni-
acy. Photogramm.
.46, nr.3, 359-367.
hyto-geomorphic
e. Geoforum, vol. 2,
.nalysis for Nominal
sis of Qualitative
on an Information
-45.
ig methods for esti-
lournal ,2, 113-120.
îemote Sensing and
., Wiley.
;pts of Land Clas-
I.) Land evaluation,
ilia, 11-28.
îulation Europe 82 -
,E.C., SA/I.04.E2.84.
Analysis and Remote
î.
)sclassificatie toege-
inalyse van Landsat-
:.thesis, 102. pp.
ngebruik in België
34 volgens de kada-
.S., Statistische
1978. Remote Sensing :
ic Map Accuracy.
, 7, 3-14
ion pour 1'approche
ieu bocager. Applica-
nousin-France).
errain classification
ography : a review
togramm.Engin.,
Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986
Interpretation of classification results of a multiple data set
Helmut Beissmann
Department for Satellite Image Cartography, Institute for Cartography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna
Manfred F.Buchroithner
Institute for Image Processing and Computer Graphics, Graz Research Center, Austria
ABSTRACT: Based on experiences from a test area in a high mountain region in Austria, fundamental problems
of combining various remote sensing data sets with geoscientific maps are discussed. The attempt was made to
use a computer-aided supervised approach to reclassify the "ground truth" given in thematic maps. Possible
explanations of the classification results are given.
RESUME: A la base d'expériences sur un terrain d'essai dans une région de haute montagne en Autriche sont
discutés des problèmes fondamentales concernant la combination de différentes dates de remote sensing avec
des cartes gêoscientifiques. On a essayé d'utiliser un approche corrigé à l'aide d'un ordinateur électronique
pour reclassifier la "ground truth" qui est constatée dans des cartes thématiques. Les explications possibles
des résultants de classification sont indiquées.
1 INTRODUCTION
In c
orrespond
enee
with Gi
er lo
ff-Emd
en
(1982)
in
this s
tudy
empha
sis
is p
ut
on a
comp
rehensive
th
ematic
inte
rprêta
ti
on of
remo
te sens
ing
data
by
combi
ni
ng and
comp
aring i
nf or
mation
of
con
ve
ntional
geos
cientific
di
stributi
on maps wi
th
remote
sens
ing info
rmat
ion by
mea
ns of
digital
meth
ods. It
is
an obje
ctiv
e of thi
s paper
to p
oint out
the
fundame
ntal
geos
ci
entific
inte
rpretatio
n pr
oblems i
n th
is metho
d. For
thei
r combin
ed
evaluati
on
remote
sensing
data
as well
as
thematic
map
s , whi
eh
can be
take
n as a re
flee
ted mode
1 of
reali
ty
, need
a s
pecific
cr it
ic of th
e ir
source
s
to cor-
ree t
ly esti
mate
their
P
otenti
al
f or
geos
cientific
in
terpreta
tion
. Fo
r
a study
area
close to
the
Grossglock
ner (
3
797 m),
Aust
ria's highes
t peak,
sit
uated
ab
ove the
tree
-line (Figure
1 ) , the
att
empt
ha
s been
made
to r ec
lass
ify the
obje
ct c la
ss
es of 4
thematic lay
er s
(lithology,
soil
types,
Figure 1. Location map of study area.
veget
ation,
ecotopic
structure) by means of
discr
iminant
analysis
of différé
nt remote
sensi
ng data
and a DTM. The main
difference
to th
e commo
n land co
ver classifi
cation is
that
vario
us categories which
were to
class
ify do
not alway
s represent the terrain
surfa
ce ( e .
g. bed
rock below
soil and
veget
ation c
over) and
that in the
sense of
the e
mpiric-
analytica
1 philosophy
of science
they
have
to be c
onsidered as
complex
indie
es or
even as
theoretical
constructs
and
not as
units
directly der
ived from
empiric evidence.
2 BACKGROUND THEORY
Ba
sed on
general
th
eoretical
stru
cture
mo
dels
o
f the lan
ds
cape at 1
east
four
di
fferen
t
types of fu
nc
tional rei
a
tion
ships
can be
P
ostulated.
A
s indicated
in F
igure
2,
these
a
re the fol
lowing: the
ver
tica 1
in
terrel
at
ionship betwe
en the geo
c
ompo
nents
in
a spa
ti
al referenc
e
unit, the
late
rally
oc
curing
processes
between th
e
sp
atial
en
titles
>
the endogen
ou
s, solar an
d
an
thro-
po
genous
processes,
which are
f
r equ
ent ly
CO
nsider
ed
as margi
na
1 conditi
ons,
and
ev
entual
iy
the temp
or
al aspect
o
f al
1 the
be
fore
mentioned
relationship
s.
In
pr
actice
»
however,
th
e problem a
r
ises
that
fi
eld me
as
urements ca
n
hardly be c
a
rr ie
d out
in
spa
ti
ally and
temporally
adequate
in
terval
s .
Hence, th
e
attempt is
mad
e to
in
direct
iy
conclude f
ro
m a few pro
P
erti
es of
ge
o-comp
on
ents to
th
e above
ment
ioned
pr
ocesse
S,
which cau
se
their prop
e
rtie
s and
pr
operti
es
of other g
eo
components
(
e.g.
by
me
ans of
the concept
of
indicator
P
lant
3 ) .
Fo
r this
P
urpose an e
xc
lusive sup
e
r pos
ition
of
thema
ti
c maps seem
s
not to be s
u
ff ic
lent,
as
they
do
not reflec
t
a "geocom
P
onen
t in
se
" but
c
omplexe typ
es
, which are
the
basis
of
se 1
ec
tive feat
ur
es which
can
be
CO
nstruc
te
d on poss
ib
ly concurre
n
t pr
inai
pl
es.
He
nee, the
th
ematic and
sp
atisi
limitati
on
of the
se
types i
s
, m
ainly
dependen
t
on the und
er
standing o
f
th
eory,
th
e resp
ec
tive proble
ms
and the in
t
eres
t and
knowledg
e
of the auth
or
of the map
.
Wi
thout
an
y doubt,
these unit
s
are not only
of
great
