tive movements of geological structures ta
ke place* Lowering of surface heights causes
the accumulation of sediments and fading of
deep erosion, the fresh erosion forms disap
pear and they are covered with vegetation*
When the bottoms of watercourses are filled
with sediments, they are widened and further
they go out the limits of the erosion valle
ys* River plains become twisting, terraces
are lowered and merged and the watercourses'
valleys acquire flat and weakly prominent
profile, due to that the peripheral parts
are greatly watered and bogged* The general
relief planation takes place, its dismember
ment is decreased, vast alluvial flat low
lands are formed*
The water flow highers the subsoil waters'
level, intensifies frost phenomena with the
development of the correspondent relief's
forms on dry valleys and bogs*
The constant redundant moistening causes
the progressive bogging which is spread pri
marily in elementary watercourses, then ext-
raflat-bottomed valleys are bogged and at
last the interfluve is bogged as well* In
the bogs structure pool and lake complexes
are widely used*
The flat lowlands with almost total bogg
ing and dense net of lakes represent the fi
nal result of the plains development in the
range of the lowering units*
In the forest composition the part of wood
species, resistant to redundant moistening:
cedar, alder, willow, white birch is increa
sed and due to the progressing of frost the
part of larch stands is also increased* Wa
tering of the landscape lowers the risk of
fire occurrence and damage by pests, so the
areas of native communities are increased*
Supperaqueous and subaqueous natural comp
lexes are widely spread* The introduction of
nutrient substances is observed, which hig
hers the trophness and in the southern parts
of the forest zone it causes the emergence
of saline natural complexes*
Due to the general increase of moistening,
watering, surface frost, wet mild macrocli
mates are formed*
All the enumerated natural phenomena, ta
king place in the landscape, are represented
on space images not only from the point of
view of the quality, but the quantity as
well* The representation is measured by the
absolute value and the areas ration of the
various classes natural complexes*
As a result of that in the range of the
tectonic structures and units the homogene
ous morphological structure is formed as well
as relatively the same ecological regimes of
PTK* Thus, it is not accidentally that the
borders of the landscapes and terrains coin
cide with the fault and lineaments with the
straightened river valleys where rather sharp
change in the structure takes place* As an
example we'll take the fault system which
separates the Enisel Chain of Hills from the
Siberian platform* These faults are distinct
ly seen on all the space images* We see that
the forest composition and landscape bogging
are changed at the borderline of those struc
tures •
As a result of the landscape-morphological
investigations the landscape basis is created
to perform the thematic and applied resear
ches with various trends* The landscape ba
sis represents the series of conjugated dif
ferent scale maps of PTK of various ranks:
landscapes, terrains, stows, facies and their
typological divisions (kinds, classes, types)*
The maps are accompanied by the detailed le
gends (the system of conventional denotati
ons), landscape profiles, structure and com
position tables with the emphasizing the con
jugated components and PTK elements diagrams,
the interpreted space-air images and other
auxiliary graphic and text materials, open
ing the structure of natural complexes* The
landscape basis serves as the Initial mate
rial to compile the series of the conjugat
ed different scale maps: of forests, soils,
bogs, quatenary deposlsts, various technic
al, food, medicinal and forage resources,
propagation and migration of food-animals,
game-preserves of different classes, local
deseases of animals and people, the practi
cability of forests with the help of various
transportation means, construction engineer
ing and etc* On the landscape basis the dy
namic phenomena are successfully studied
which specifically occur in various PTK: de
velopment processes of negative consequences
of wrong agricultural or forestry measures
(e*g* in the cutover areas), the hotbeds and
the dynamics of pets* propagation, forest
fires and postfire forest regeneration, wa
ter balance and local climate, other useful
and harmful changes of PTK as a result of
people's activity* Estimating the PTK react
ion on various external effects, it is pos
sible to plan measures on nature protection
locally* There is no doubt about the close
interconnection of PTK and their structure
with the tectonic movements of the earth's
crust and the geographical structures* This
is one of the ways to study the geological
structure of the earth's crust and the recon
naissance of useful minerals* Hie landscape
basis has been already implemented into fo-
rest inventory practice (various landscape-
statistical express-methods), forest manage
ment and forestry arrangement* One of the
tasks of the landscape basis application is
to compile the state land cadastre, to arran
ge the rational nature use, production dist
ribution, settlements, recreational zones,
to estimate the suitableness of PTK for the
certain type of the functional utilizarion*
All that promotes the complex inter-branch
arrangement of the territory, Increases the
economical effect from its utilization*
