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Title
Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management
Author
Damen, M. C. J.

504
Figure 8. Morne Rouge in 1950, 19 years earlier
than Fig. 7. Photo IGN ANTIL 50 GUA 015
Original 1:50000 reduced at about 1:66000. Different
mangrove types hardl/visible. Only Pterocarpus and
open swamps are discernible. Almost no changes are
seen on Fig. 7-
areas : Trinidad 4 000 ha (Beard 1946), Puerto Rico
6 500 ha, Jamaica 7 000 ha, Santo-Domingo 9 000 ha-,
Haiti 18 000 ha ; The Atlantic coasts of Colombia
25 000 ha.
The largest tracts occur in Cuba (about 400 000
ha), Venezuela (about 210 000 ha including Orinoco
delta), Florida (175 000 ha), the Atlantic shores
of Mexico, Honduras and Panama.
Scales 1:100000 or smaller have been used to map
them for logging or conservation purposes, mainly
from 1:50000 photos with few exceptions.
Large freswater swamp forests occur in Mexico
(Tabasco and Campeche), Panama, the Gulf of Maracaibo,
the Orinoco Delta with much higher floristic richness
than in the Lesser Antilles and a strong tendency
to gregariousness : not only Pterocarpus officinalis
but other species in the genus and many legumes
(Crudia, Prioria, Mora, Lonchocarpus), Bombacaceae,
Myristicaceae (Virola spp., Dialyanthera), Tabebuia,
Licania, Triplaris, Symphonia, Carapa and many palms
(Euterpe, Mauritia, Manicaria, Bactris, Jessenia...).
Large herbaceous swamps occur in Tabasco (Mexico),
near Maracaibo (Venezuela) with pure Typha (the
so-called "eneales"), Cyperus swamps in Trinidad.
Chanteur, G. et E. Lefèvre 1980. Etude sur l'aména
gement de la mangrove de la Baie de Fort de France.
Rapport O.N.F. 18 p. 1 map mimeogr.
Feller, C., D. Imbert, et B. Rollet 1987 ? Carte
?-floris
fciqi
Cole
dee
ations
, one
&
ondables
eet Un
Thèse 3ème Cycle
The mangroves of
Forest Ecology
gédologico-
ae Guadeloupe.
préparation)
Imbert, D. 1985* Organisation spatio-temporelle
des communautés végétales de la mangrove du Grand
Cul de Sac Marin (Guadeloupe).
Univ. Montpellier.
Paijmans, K. et B. Rollet. 1978.
Galley Reach, Papua New Guinea.
and Management1(1).
Portecop, J. 1976. Végétation 2 p. + colour map
1:150000 in Lasserre G. : Atlas des Départements
français d'Outre Mer 2. la Martinique
Portecop, J. I98O. Végétation 3p. + colour map
in Lasserre, G. : Atlas des Départements
d ! Outre Mer 3. la Guadeloupe.
Rollet, B. 1973. Comparaison de photographies aériennes
panchromatiques et fausse couleur pour l'interpré
tation des mangroves des Etats de Oaxaca et de
Chiapas, Mexique. Photo-interprétation n° 4
(4-5) illustr.
Rollet, B. 1974. Introduction à l'étude des mangroves
du Mexique. Photointerprétation. Types de forêts.
Bibliographie. Bois For. Trop. n° 156 3-36 ;
n° 157 53-74.
Rioux, J. A. et al. 1984. Mangroves et autres forma
tions marécageuses littorales
Carte phytoécologique des gîtes
moustiques. Bull, d'Ecologie 15 (D
Map 1:50000.
1:150000
français
en Guadeloupe.
larvaires de
95-97. Colour
Stehlé, H. 1945-46. Les types forestiers des Iles
caraïbes. Caribb. For. 6 : 273-468. 1 map.
14 fig. ; 7 : 337-709. 20 fig.
Stehlé, H. 1947. La végétation sylvatique de l'Archi
pel caraïbe. Etude d'éco-phytosociologie. Thèse
Ingénieur-Docteur. Montpellier. 548 p. 4 maps.
120 fig. 132 tabl.
Tandy, J.C. 1983. Zonage des mangroves de la Guade
loupe. O.N.F. Folder of 7 non-edited colour maps
1:20000. No Text.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Institut Géographique National (I.G.N.)
for permission to use portions of air photos for
publication, M. Imbert for cooperation in the field
and Office National des Forêts (O.N.F.) in Guade
loupe for financing the mangrove research in view
of the establishment of a Natural Reserve.
12. CONCLUSION
It is strongly advisable to use false colour 1:20000
for mangrove photo-interpretation, to investigate
spot imagery and to develop more powerful devices
to 'identify the most varied swamp species of the
Caribbean area.
Concerning mapping it is most desirable to develop
soil studies in wetlands, and not separately from
vegetation studies, by means of integrated field
teams.
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Beard, J.S. 1946. The natural vegetation of Trinidad.
Oxford Forestry Memoirs n° 20
Beard, J.S. 1949. The natural vegetation of the
Windward and Leeward Islands. Oxford Forestry
Memoirs n° 21
Chanteur, G. 1981. Mangrove de la Martinique. Deuxième
partie : de Trinité au Diamant. Rapport O.N.F.
19 P* 4 maps mimeogr.
Chanteur, G. 1981. Biogéographie et aménagement
en zones de mangroves insulaires. Le cas de la
Martinique. Thèse 3ème Cycle Univ. Toulouse 155p.
82 ref. Maps.