51 
of a science faculty, it: would be better to attach them to a 
department of electrical engineering rather than civil 
engineering or forestry. The result of present practices are 
visible everywhere. I could elaborate to any desired length. 
I will just: say that the sad state of surveying matters in most 
fields (e.g. in urban areas as a particularly crass example) 
should be sufficient proof of this alarming situation. 
The professional aspect of the matter under discussion is 
in part the direct result of an inadequate education of 
professional cadres, with the exception of a few countries, 
mostly European. 
On a world-wide scale, the use of photogrammetry is mainly 
limited to government agencies or to government projects. Here 
I could mention several state institutions in which even the most 
advanced and very expensive photogrammetric instruments are 
standing idle. So called "private surveyors’ and their 
organizations oppose photogrammetric methods and particularly 
their application in cadastre, or in its simplest form, legal 
survey. In countries, in which legal survey is being carried out 
by government offices (occasionally over special territories such 
as reservations or lands belonging to the state), the same 
negative attitude is reigning towards the only technique that 
could offer a meaningful solution. This attitude is caused by 
technical ignorance and ill-directed efforts to protect 
professional interest by adhering 'rigidly to centuries-old 
concepts. This is simply opposition to technical progress. I 
remember the difficulties we initially encountered when the 
associations of land surveyors rejected the use of electro 
magnetic distance measuring devices because the specifications 
called for "direct length measurements by chain or tape". 
Since the principle "horror vacui" applies not only in the 
physical realm but also in the operational and conceptual domain, 
esoteric solutions are forcefully advocated by quarters outside 
the basic surveying and mapping field. As an example, remote 
sensing workers, cleverly introducing their clients to different 
"operational levels" (satellite, airplane, terrain), often 
indiscriminately claim to be able to provide quick and economic 
solutions to all pressing surveying and mapping problems, even 
those of legal surveying. Politicians, ignorant of the real 
issues and iritated by the lack of progress in our field, embrace 
these new proposals whicn only delay rational and lastincr 
solutions. 
When I conducted studies in Africa, commissioned by the 
Canadian Government, all users or remote sensincr data (there were 
about ten of them) clamored for 1:20 000 topographical maps so 
that the remote sensing data could be meanincrly and efficiently 
used. This is but one example where confusion and indolence in 
our 
see 
p 1 a 
pro 
It 
cou: 
indi 
and 
dor 
val 
and 
don 
are 
as 
wid 
ins 
rec 
po 1 
pro 
quo 
do' 
pub 
par 
cr 
fi 
th 
es 
sy 
di 
s i 
dr; 
m 
ar 
in 
f i 
ca 
1 o 
te 
( i 
pu