International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2, UNISPACE III. Vienna, 1999 
66 
I5PR5 
UNISPAC.E III- ISPRS Workshop on 
“Resource Mapping from Space ” 
9:00 am -12:00 pm, 22 July 1999, VIC Room B 
Vienna, Austria 
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I5PR5 
1.4.1. Green urban areas 
1.4.2. Sport and leisure facilities 
2. Agricultural areas 
2.1. Arable land 
2.1.1. Non-irrigated arable land 
2.1.2. Pennanently irrigated land 
2.1.3. Rice fields 
2.2. Permanent crops 
2.2.1. Vineyards 
2.2.2. Fruit trees and berry plantations 
2.2.3. Olive groves 
2.3. Pastures 
2.3.1. Pastures 
2.4. Heterogeneous agricultural areas 
2.4.1. Annual crops associated with pennanent crops 
2.4.2. Complex cultivation patterns 
2.4.3. Land principally occupied by agriculture, with 
significant areas of natural vegetation 
2.4.4. Agro-forestry areas 
3. Forest and semi-natural areas 
3.1. Forests 
3.1.1. B road-leaved forests 
3.1.2. Coniferous forests 
3.1.3. Mixed forests 
3.2. Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations 
3.2.1. Natural grasslands 
Characteristics of type of Ianscape changes 
Definitions of landscape changes are based on using of land 
cover information that is the attribute of CLC database (Feranec 
etal. 1999): 
1. Intensification of agriculture 
Changes of meadows-pastures or forest to arable land, as well 
as the changes of arable land to vineyards, orchards, berry 
plantations, greenhouse management, etc. Tliis definition 
accepts general principles of agricultural production 
understanding in context of the analysed land cover classes. 
2. Extensification of agriculture 
Changes of vineyards, orchards and berry plantations to arable 
land or grasslands and arable land to grasslands. For this type of 
landscape change it is important to take into account also the 
abandoned agricultural land - land out of use for three or more 
years; it can change later into the class 231 Pastures and after 
324 Transitional woodland shrub. 
3. Urbanisation (industrialisation) 
Changes of mainly agricultural and forest land to urbanised land 
(construction of buildings destined for living, education, health 
care, recreation and sport) and tire industrialised land 
(construction of facilities for production, all kinds of transports, 
electric power production, construction connected with the 
3.2.2. Moors and heathland 
3.2.3. Sclerophyllous vegetation 
3.2.4. Transitional woodland-scrub 
3.3. Open spaces with little or no vegetation 
3.3.1. Beaches, dunes, sands 
3.3.2. Bare rocks 
3.3.3. Sparsely vegetated areas 
3.3.4. Burnt areas 
3.3.5. Glaciers and perpetual snow 
4. Wetlands 
4.1. Inland wetlands 
4.1.1. Inlands marshes 
4.1.2. Peat bogs 
4.2. Maritime wetlands 
4.2.1. Salt marshes 
4.2.2. Salines 
4.2.3. Intertidal flats 
5. Water bodies 
5.1. Inland waters 
5.1.1. Water courses 
5.1.2. Waterbodies 
5.2. Marine waters 
5.2.1. Coastal lagoons 
5.2.2. Estuaries 
5.2.3. Sea and ocean 
enlargement of water reservoirs and ponds). 
4. Enlargement or exhaustion of natural resources 
Changes of agricultural, forest and other types of land to areas 
of mining the minerals, their enlargement or exhaustion at the 
corresponding localities. 
5. Afforestation 
Natural or man-induced changes of areas after felling, changes 
of meadows-pastures or arable land to forests in various stages 
of growth. 
6. Deforestation 
Clear-cut, devastation of forest by antropogenic activity, natural 
disasters, etc. 
7. Other antropogenic causes 
Re-cultivation of former mining areas, dump sites, etc. 
3. Trends in landscape changes: socio-economic 
FRAMEWORK 
Landscape changes reflect social, economic and political 
development respecting the natural conditions of a country. The 
biggest landscape changes in the Slovak Republic were 
determined by industrialisation along with urbanisation but first