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Title
New perspectives to save cultural heritage
Author
Altan, M. Orhan

Cl PA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey
499
changings of the two cracks in the last 20 years were
determined: crack (A) and (C) opened more than 1 cm.
Figure 8. Crack (A): left: before 1908
right: in the year 2002
Figure 9. Crack (B): left: in the year 1968
right: in the year 2000
Figure 10. Crack (C): left: before 1908
right: in the year 2002
3. OLD DEFORMATIONS
Different photogrammetric studies suggested that the whole
apse of KAM is declined due to the vertical. Therefore some
images were measured and a bundle adjustment was calculated.
The result can be seen very good at the front wall of the apse in
the east of the building: the height of the front wall is about
10,5 m, the deviation from the vertical at the top of the wall is
about 45 cm, cf. figure 11. It seems that the whole apse is not in
a vertical equilibrium.
The problems of the vertical balances of the eight big pillars of
the central octagon are also very interesting and important for
static reasons. Therefore the direction of each pillar was
photogrammetricaly checked using vertical plumb lines. Some
images of each pillar were measured. The results of the bundle
adjustment are shown in figure 11. The four pillars at the north
side are in balance, the four at the south side are inclined due to
the vertical with a deviation in radial direction of 30-40 cm, the
height of the pillars is about 9,5 m. These deformations of the
pillars result from the horizontal strength of the dome. It may be
the static equilibrium from the beginning of the building. The
question of asymmetry of that equilibrium stays unanswered.
north
Figure 11. Deformations at the top of the pillars
and the front wall of the apse
4. NEW DEFORMATIONS
The growing of the cracks gave reasons for trying now to
analyse the deformation of the whole dome of the KAM with
existing photogrammetric images. To illustrate the cleverness of
the construction we see in figure 12 a photogrammetric image
of the roof of the dome taken from the minaret and in figure 13
the inside surface in form of visualized laser measurements.
Figure 12. Dome of KAM, image taken from the minaret
These laser measurements are taken from a campaign in early
summer of 2002 where a complete laser-scan of KAM was
performed. Some additional architectonic data: the dome built
from brick masonry has an inside diameter of 16,5 m, the
double curved segments have to pass the strength into the big
pillars to get the static equilibrium, but only with the help of the
deformations of the pillars. To get the searched information of
the deformation of the dome we have measured and calculated
20 images of a bundle block taken in 1979 (camera TMK from