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Title
International cooperation and technology transfer
Author
Mussio, Luigi

XVI
two dangerous phenomena by using regression methods and
robust procedures. At the end of his lecture, he sincerely
hoped better conditions, in the future, under a true
international consensus.
Finally according to his role of Convenor of the High Level
Tutorial, he apologized Prof. Gottfried Konecny, recently
retired from the TU of Hannover (Germany), because of his
impossibility to attend the tutorial and to give a lecture. The
ISPRS WG VI/3 Chairperson fully agreed with him, recalling
the important contribution given by Prof. Gottfried Konecny
both to the ISPRS and the theme on mapping from space.
Few words may be added to present a summary of the first
and last lectures, because of their relevance and the strong
figure of the lecturers. Notice that this summary has been
made by the writer of the compte - rendu only, therefore the
opinion or statements contained in it don’t involve the
lecturers themselves. The aim is to complete, as much as
possible, this compte - rendu, in order to prove the validity of
the tutorial and the benefits achieved.
Prof. Alessandro Carosio showed how it is possible to extract
from maps any kind of information, putting them on different
layers of a GIS and/or LIS, according to a unsupervised, or
only partially supervised, classification. The methodologies
involved, in the automatic extraction, belong to the fields of
both statistics and artificial intelligence. Furthermore special
attention was paid to the actual and interesting problems of
3D data modeling and visualization.
The importance of this job is due to a very large amount of
data which often are available today, in form of charts, and
can be supplied as computer cartography, avoiding to operate
manually or to proceed to new acquisition. It is obvious that,
if the whole process is able to run, with a very high level of
reliability (ranging from 95% to 98%), it can substitute, in the
future, expensive acquisition techniques, with relatively low
cost procedures.
Prof. Shunji Murai stressed a lot the linear relation between
the growth of the population, in the different parts of the
world, and the deforestation. There is a linear dependence
(and the classical index, like the linear correlation coefficient,
is unfortunately high enough) between the request of wood,
in the developed countries, and the acquisition of it in the
remaining part of the world, especially where the increasing
of the population is remarkable.
The analysis, concerning the deforestation, was carried out,
with particular care, starting from the processing and
classification of images, taken by the remote sensing satellite
NOAA AVHRR. Data, concerning the population, were
acquired by geo - spatial data atlas, available on global
statistics databases; the population growth was firstly
analyzed by countries and successively reassembled by sub -
continental regions.
The linear regression was performed using robust procedures,
so that outliers (i.e. data with anomalous behavior) were
eliminated, increasing the quality and the validity of the
explanation itself. As said before, the lecturer, recognizing
the difficulties to stop this market and the connected
business, sincerely hoped better conditions, concerning the
life quality in the underdeveloped countries too, under a true
international consensus.
In the following paragraph, also the second lecture is briefly
summarized. It involves some methodology problems in the
field of the survey and mapping disciplines. Methodology is a
longstanding theme which could sometimes appears boring
and/or old - fashioned, but it furnishes practical instruments,
capable to be applied in different times and at various
situations.
The approximation theory, bom in the field of the integrated
geodesy (in its broadest sense) was presented applied to
signal / image filtering, digital terrain / object modeling,
deformation monitoring, etc. This approach is classical in the
earth sciences and works very well, when models and data
are clearly defined, by using an hybrid norm to solve
generalized least squares and some other related techniques
(e.g. covariance estimation, robust procedures).
On the contrary, data management and processing in the field
of the information technology often works with undefined
databases and quite poor models. Therefore an attempt, to get
order in single experiments, showed to be recommendable.
Actually the parsers are the most promising algorithms, able
to do texture and pattern recognition problems (e.g. feature
extraction and grouping, image understanding / object
recognition, scene interpretation, sequence analysis).
The great quantities of presented materials could not be
reported in details. Therefore only some general remarks on
presentations and some highlights were given. However the
topics, related to the lectures of this tutorial, are available in
the international literature, mostly in the I APRS, of the more
recent years. Anyway the authors have the possibility to
supply more information, in the spirit of international
cooperation and technology transfer.
The interest, shown by the audience, to all the lectures was
very, very high and interesting discussions were set up. Both
the promotion of the growth of basic knowledge and its
circulation, in the field of photogrammentry, remote sensing
and spatial information sciences, and the collection of real
examples of knowledge sharing and technology transfer,
encouraging a peaceful use of mature and innovative
technologies, obtained a full success.
The tutorial recognized as a bigger danger the restriction of
the responsibility and participation to a few number of
countries and/or groups. There are two possibilities to
overcome these troubles: the foundation of democracy for an
elite or to enlarge democracy and participation. The spirit of
the international cooperation proved that only the second
hypothesis is correct, able to build up a peaceful world and to
put the whole humanity under satisfactory life condition.
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