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needs of the client (public or private). These specifics
define the characteristics of the “product” and of the
relative production process, establishing, in particular,
data content, accuracy, logical and geometrical
congruence, exchange protocols, etc.
In “design” the activity finalized for the definition of new
procedures and technology is also included.
The “final design”, on the other hand, includes the
actual implementation of the indications that are
included in the technical specifics, establishing the
operational details.
Schematically, for numeric cartographic production, the
design includes the following:
general design (plan):
□ definition of technical specifics;
□ definition of general requisites to carry out the
works;
□ definition of possible new procedures and
technology;
final design:
□ flight plan
■ delimitation of the area and orthographic
analysis;
■ strip design and relative flight altitudes based
on the predefined photogrammetric scale;
■ superimposition of the photograms and
determination of the number of photos for
each strip;
□ aerial triangulation:
• design, based on the “photo index” relative to
the flight, of the A.T. blocks, with the
identification of the reference points
(constraint) and the A.T. link points;
■ identification on the photograms of the
reference points with characteristics of
“photographic identification”, to be determined
in the field by topographic methods;
□ setting, thickening and topographic references:
■ cartographic identification and tracing of the
extant plane-altimetric reference vertices in
the zone and inspection;
■ design network of planimetric and altimetric
thickening
■ definition of instrumentation and methodology
of examination based on the necessary
precision;
■ design for the plane-altimetric network of the
reference points identified during A.T. design;
□ data structuring:
■ design for the information structure of the
numeric data, based on the specific needs of
the client (G.I.S., themes, etc.).
The general and final design need certification
according to the ISO 9001 standards while in the case
of only the final design ISO 9002 could be sufficient for
certifying the producer.
In order to proceed to the design phases it is important
that the producer has acquired the data and the
requisites on which to base the realization of the
product, including those compulsory for legislation.
The results of the design phase must be documented
and expressed in such a way that they can be verified
and validated.
This means carrying out, as is stated in the legislation,
procedures of re-examination, verification, and
validation of the design with the aim of assuring the
congruity and coherence of the work carried out.
3.3. In-coming products
As regards the production of numeric maps the in
coming products, which are necessary for the various
phases of the production cycle, can be grouped
according to the following plan:
□ photographic products (films in b/n - color -
infrared - etc, sensitive photographic film,
development products, etc.);
□ support products for cartography,
□ finished photographic products (photograms);
□ intermediate and final paper support products and
final printed material (polyester, plotter paper, ink,
etc.);
□ electronic support products
When establishing the materials necessary for the
project they must conform to the specific requests.
All of this is carried out through “documented
procedures” aimed at the evaluation of sub-contractors
in relation to their capacity to satisfy the required
requests for the in-coming product in terms of
characteristics and quantity on the one hand, and the
definition of the documents relative to the acquired
data, which must completely and univocally describe
the requisites of the ordered products.
Therefore it is necessary to:
- classify the sub-contractors by certification or on the
basis of previous supplies;
- register the data to acquire and checking for the up
dating of what has been mentioned above;
- define in a univocal way the object, quantity, time and
condition of delivery, special needs for packing and
transport.
Furthermore, it is opportune that the contract stipulates
that the client can verify the conformity of the products
used by the supplier.
The supplier must confirm the conformity of the product
to the requirements by means of documented and
registered procedures. Any sub-supplier should provide
certification on the checks carried out at the moment of
sale.
The methodologies and the frequency of checks on the
material should be defined based on the degree of
importance that they have on the process, the products
inherent variability and the reliability of the sub-supplier
as defined in the setting up supplies stage. This
requires the development of a true sampling plan
based on a profound knowledge of the product in such
a way as to estimate the parameters with pre-set levels
of confidence.
In general all the in-coming material will be checked by
its freight bill in order to verify its correct origin and its
conformity to the sales agreement and a preliminary
visual check to see if it looks “normal”.
3.4. Process control
All the moments of the production cycle that have a
direct consequence on the quality of the product must
be identified and it must be assured that they are
controlled. Therefore the following must be applied:
• Documented procedure relative to the flight phase;
• Documented procedure relative to the development
and printing of the films;
