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Title
Mapping without the sun
Author
Zhang, Jixian

239
this study using the automatic classification and artificial
interpretation as a method to translate the 2000 TM image of
the study area (3) Data storage : Results of the interpretation
were imported into ARC / INFO with vector format, getting the
land-use data of the study area in 2000 with 1:100,000 scale;
Based on the land-use data of this study area comparing the TM
images of 2000 and 1986, getting the Data Dynamics of land-
use in the 1986 -2000 and the land use / land cover data in 1986;
Similarly comparing the MSS images of 1972 and the use of
land use / land cover data of 1986,getting dynamic change of
land use data and 1972 land use / land cover data. ©Accuracy
evaluation : In view of the data interpretation process, in the
principle of testing while interpreting, organizing experts to test
the accuracy of interpretation at random for ensuring the results
of the accuracy of interpretation; while the 2000 interpretation
of the six types of land use types were selected for the 150 spots
in a field verification, according to the Statistics of the types of
land use the classification accuracy were about 94%, ensuring
the accuracy of the work..
A +A„
1
t2-/l
- x 100%
(3 )
Formula 3 is considered from the initial study to the end of
research the bidirectional changes of the land use type i , and
measures the dynamic changes, which may be known as the
land use of a single type of comprehensive dynamic model.
However, this model can not be compared to the output speed
of land-use type i. In order to better calculate the types of land
use changes, we propose the following model:
V. m =
A, n
S(un
x
1
/2-/1
x 100%
(4)
2. RESEARCH METHODS
2.1 The rate of land-use Changes
The rate of land use / cover refers to the rate of areas changes
of land use / cover types, which reflects the different types of
land use change in the overall situation and the structure of land
use changes. The mathematical expression of land use and land
cover changes range is
Formula 4 is described the speed of turn in from the initial
study to the end of research type i of land use. In order to
compare the type i of land use output speed and input speed,
reflect the trends and changes in the state of land use and land
cover types, We carried out under a deal with the state of Di
index:
V -V.
_ out in
V +v.
r out 1 r in
(-!<£> (5)
* = (S W 2)-W/Swo x 100%
(1)
Where S tl) , S (i) g) are the areas of initial studies tl and
end t2 of a certain type of land-use (GSD).
2.2 Analyzing the Land Use / Cover Change speed and trend
Land use / cover change could have quantitative description
of the speed of LUCC , which have positive significance to
compare the regional differences of LUCC and predict the
future trends of the LUCC. The change of Land use is the
different types of land use conversion. On a particular land use
type i, its spatial pattern changes can be divided into three types:
©The part of turn out (Août), i change for other types of land
use types. ©The part of Turn in (Ain), other types of land use
change to land use type i. ©The part of no changes (USi), land
use type i have no change. Currently the most widely used of a
single type of land use dynamic model:
V = s (i M) US, x x 10Q% = A,
S„. n /2-/1 S„
/2-/1
- x 100% = F
(2)
These models just consider the changes of type i of land use
to other types of land-use in one-way process. We may call the
output speed of type i of land use, recorded as V out . This model
exclusion changes of other types of land use, Therefore, the
model for the transfer of those small, fast-growing land use
types, especially in the urban land for the construction of the
dynamic change is not applicable. Then scholars have proposed
the following model [7,8] :
At that time -1<£)<0, from the initial study to the end of
research input speed of type i of land use is bigger than the
output speed. Type i of land use is in the direction of increasing
the scale of development. Di closer -1, input speed of the type i
of land use is bigger than the output speed extremely, the
situation is unbalanced, area increased substantially. Di closer 0,
there is two existences, ©the input speed and the output speed
of type i of land use are both very small, the input speed of type
i of land use is slightly bigger than input speed, the increase of
area is small, showing a balance situation; ©the input speed
and the output speed of type i of land use are both big, input
speed slightly bigger than the output speed, the bidirectional
conversion is obvious, though the area increase rarely, the
situation is balanceable, but this is a state of dynamic
equilibrium based on the high speed of change.
At that time0 research input speed of type i of land use is smaller than the
output speed, the area reduce, in the "downsizing" of the state.
Di closer 1, the output speed is bigger than input speed slightly,
a significant reduction in area, in a very unbalanced state. Di
closer 0, the existence of two, ©the input speed and output
speed of type i of are very small, however, the output speed is
slightly bigger than the input speed and reduce the area is small,
showing a balance situation; ©the input speed and output speed
of type i of are enormous, the output speed is slightly bigger
than input speed, the bidirectional conversion is obvious,
although small area reduction, it is a state of equilibrium, But it
based on the transfer of high input speed and high output speed,
the circumstances of state is a dynamic equilibrium.
From the right formula 2, 3, 4, 5 analysis, we can see that
used alone with any one model can not be good for a single
land use types and the changes described. Therefore, use the