3. PRESENT STATUS OF EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
NASDA developed and launched MOS-1 by N-II rocket
from Tanegashima Space Center, NASDA on
Feb.19,1987. As a development, NASDA conducted
field verification experiment during 1981 FY-1983
FY and MOS-1 airborne verification experiment
during 1984 FY-1985 FY in collboration with
participating organizations before the launch of
MOS-1. After the launch of MOS-1, NASDA conducted
MOS-1 Verification Program (MVP) during 1987 FY-
1989 FY in collaboration with 60 domestic
organizations and 15 foreign organizations.
Through these verification, performance of MOS-1
observation system and the utility of MOS-1 data
in various fields of applications have been
evaluated. During 1989 FY, NASDA continued
evaluation of MOS-1 data in collaboration with 20
domestic organizations and 3 foreign
organizations.
As a result of evaluation, MOS-1 data can be
utilized in various fields of applications
including environment monitoring. MOS-lb was
successfully launched by H-I rocket on Feb.7,1990
By using MOS-1 and MOS-lb, repetition of
observation has been doubled and this will
contribute to earth environment
monitoring. Unfortunately, MOS-1 has no on-board
tape recorder. However, there are 11 MOS-1
Table 1 Examples of Environmental Monitoring Results of MOS-1
Classification
Earth Environmental Monitoring Items
Sensor Data
Band Number
Example of Test Sites
Ocean
•River effluents, Coastal water
MESSR
Band 1,2
Sea around Japan, Yellow Sea
• Water quality
MESSR
Band 1,2
Tokyo Bay, Malacca Straits
(Chrolophyl, turbidity etc.)
•Colored water from submarine volcano
MESSR
Band 1,2,3
Near South loh Jima
• Sea surface temperature
VTIR
Band 3,4
Sea around Japan
•Current interface
VTIR
Band 3,4
Off shore of Sanriku
• Water region
VTIR
Band 3,4
Off shore of Sanriku, Kurosio current
•Sea temperature, Sal inity, Wave height,
DCS
-
Southern sea of Japan, Bering Sea
Wave spctrum,Under water ambient noise
• Sea ice distribution
MSR/VTIR/MESSR
Off shore of Monbetsu, Sea of Okhotsk,
Ocean of Antarctica (Near Showa Base)
Land
• Land uti1ization
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Tokyo,Hiratsuka, Singapore
• Cultivation
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Suphan Buri (Thailand)
• Forest
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Hokkaido, Cihu, Gunma, Thailand
• Mineral deposits
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Pusan (Korea)
• Flood
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Agano River
• Volcano
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Oshima, Miyakejima, Sakurajima
• Land siide
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Nagano, Mt.Ontake
•Lake, Reservoir
MESSR
Band 1,2,3,4
Kasumigaura, Lake Biwa, Singapore
• Snow distribution
MSR/VTIR/MESSR
Band 1,3 or 2,4
Hokkaido
Atmosphere
•Water vapor, Cloud liquid
MSR
Band 1,3 or 2,4
Hachizyojima, Chichijima,
Minamidaitojima
• Precipitation area
MSR
Band 1,3 or 2,4
Radar zone from Mt.Fuji
•Jet atmospheric current,cirrus
VTIR
Band 2 (6-7 // m)
Japan and its surroundings
•Cloud, Typhoon, Flont etc.
VT IR/MESSR/MSR
Japan and its surroundings
receiving stations in the world. So,most area is
covered by these ground stations.
MOS-1 has 4 mission instruments:MESSR (Multi-
spectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer),
VTIR (Visible and Thermal Infra-red Radiometer),
MSR (Microwave Scanning Radiometer) and DOST (
Data Collection System Transponder). Earth
environmental monitoring results are shown in
Table 1. Concerning ocean, sea surface
temperature can be obtained by using VTIR Band 3
and 4. Turbidity can be monitored by MESSR.
Deforestation can be also monitored by MESSR.
Water vapor and cloud liquid can be obtained by
using MSR 23 GHz and 31GHz. Moreover, sea ice
distribution can be obtained under all weather
condition by using MSR. Example of deforestation
obtained by MOS-1 is shown in Fig.l. By using
Landsat MSS data (Dec.31,1984) and MOS-1 MESSR
(Jan.20,1989), deforestation in Kanohanaburi,
Thailand were detected, where NVI (Normalized
Vegetation Index) was obtained for the MSS data
and maximum likelihood method was applied to
MESSR data.Changes from grass,bush to bare
soil,from forest to bare soil and from forest to
grass,bush are shown in Fig.l.
BAND 1
(Bl)
BAND 2
(B2)
BAND 3
(B3)
BAND 4
(B4)
SWATH WIDTH
NOMINAL SPATIAL
RESOLUTION
MESSR
0.51-0.59//
0.61-0.69//
0.72- 0.80//
0.80- 1.1//
100 km
50 m
VTIR
0.5 -0.7 n
6.0 -7.0 u
10.5 -11.5 //
11.5 -12.5//
1500 km
900m(Bl)2700m(B2,3,4)
MSR
23.8 GHz
23.8 GHz
31.4 GHz
31.4 GHz
317 km
32km (B1,2)
10 msec*
47 msec*
10 msec*
47 msec*
23km (B3,4)
DCST
DCP w
DCST
- E0C
401.47MHz
1.7GHz
N. A.
N. A.
^Integration Time
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