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Close-range imaging, long-range vision

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CC BY: Attribution 4.0 International. You can find more information here.

Bibliographic data

fullscreen: Close-range imaging, long-range vision

Monograph

Persistent identifier:
1067858350
Title:
Close-range imaging, long-range vision
Sub title:
proceedings of the ISPRS Commission V symposium : September 2 - 6, 2002, Corfu, Greece
Scope:
1 Online-Ressource (xii, 621 Seiten)
Year of publication:
2002
Place of publication:
Thessaloniki
Publisher of the original:
Publ. ZITI
Identifier (digital):
1067858350
Illustration:
Illustrationen
Signature of the source:
ZS 312(34,5)
Language:
English
Additional Notes:
Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.
Usage licence:
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Corporations:
Symposium Close-Range Imaging, Long-Rang Vision, 2002, Kerkira
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical Commission Close Range Techniques and Machine Vision
Technikon Epimeltrion ts Hellados (Griechische Kammer der Technik)
Adapter:
Symposium Close-Range Imaging, Long-Rang Vision, 2002, Kerkira
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical Commission Close Range Techniques and Machine Vision
Technikon Epimeltrion ts Hellados (Griechische Kammer der Technik)
Founder of work:
Symposium Close-Range Imaging, Long-Rang Vision, 2002, Kerkira
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical Commission Close Range Techniques and Machine Vision
Technikon Epimeltrion ts Hellados (Griechische Kammer der Technik)
Other corporate:
Symposium Close-Range Imaging, Long-Rang Vision, 2002, Kerkira
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical Commission Close Range Techniques and Machine Vision
Technikon Epimeltrion ts Hellados (Griechische Kammer der Technik)
Publisher of the digital copy:
Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover
Place of publication of the digital copy:
Hannover
Year of publication of the original:
2019
Document type:
Monograph
Collection:
Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:
WGV/4 Image Analysis and Spatial Information Systems for Applications in Cultural Heritage
Document type:
Monograph
Structure type:
Chapter

Chapter

Title:
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREAT BUDDHA OF BAMIYAN, AFGHANISTAN A. Gruen, F. Remondino, L. Zhang
Document type:
Monograph
Structure type:
Chapter

Contents

Table of contents

  • Close-range imaging, long-range vision
  • Cover
  • ColorChart
  • Title page
  • ISPRS Council 2000 - 2004
  • ISPRS Commission V Symposium: CLOSE-RANGE IMAGING, LONG-RANGE VISION
  • President's Invitation
  • Contents
  • WGV/1: Automation for Vision Metrology Systems and Industrial Applications
  • SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF DIGITAL METRIC CAMERAS VIA LAN AND INTERNET Ingo Bock, Guenter Pomaska
  • IMPROVING THE ROBUSTNESS OF LEAST SQUARES TEMPLATE MATCHING WITH A LINE-SEARCH ALGORITHM Niclas Börlin
  • SEMI AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF LASER SCANNER DATA S. T. Dijkman, F. A. van den Heuvel
  • DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSE RANGE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS B. Ergün’, M. O. Altan
  • GEOMETRIC INFORMATION FROM SINGLE UNCALIBRATED IMAGES OF ROADS L. Grammatikopoulos, G. E. Karras, E. Petsa
  • IMAGE-VARIANT INTERIOR ORIENTATION AND SENSOR MODELLING OF HIGH-QUALITY DIGITAL CAMERAS H. Hastedt, Th. Luhmann, W. Tecklenburg
  • REAL-TIME PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ALGORITHMS FOR ROBOT CALIBRATION J. Hefele
  • PERFORMANCE OF CIRCULAR IMAGE BLOCKS IN CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY Jussi Heikkinen
  • PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE KODAK DCS PRO BACK Ralf Jantos, Thomas Luhmann, Jürgen Peipe, Carl-Thomas Schneider
  • METHOD FOR ON-LINE CALIBRATION FOR AUTOMOBILE OBSTACLE DETECTION SYSTEM V. A. Knyaz
  • NEW SYSTEM OF DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION, DC-1000 T. Noma, H. Otani, T. Ito, M. Yamada, N. Kochi
  • ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENTS FOR AUTOMATED OFF-LINE VISION METROLOGY J. O. Otepka, H. B. Hanley, C. S. Fraser
  • ACCURACY OF DENSE SURFACE MEASUREMENTS IN AN INTEGRA TED PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND MACHINE VISION FRAMEWORK H. Papadaki
  • A NEW “DIGITAL FILTER” FOR EXTRACTING CONJUGATE POINTS ON EPIPOLAR STEREO IMAGES P. Patias, V. Tsioukas, L. Sechidis
  • Automated Point Measurement of Dynamic Skin Membrane Surfaces Utilizing a Dot Projection Photogrammetric Technique Gary Robertson
  • ENHANCED MULTI-CLUSTER ANM FOR STEREO MATCHING M. Sakamoto, W. Lu, Y. Kosugi
  • CHARACTERISATION AND TRACKING OF MEMBRANE SURFACES AT NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER Mark R. Shortis, Stuart Robson, Richard S. Pappa, Thomas W. Jones and William K. Goad
  • STUDY ON VISUAL TRAVERSE BY LASER SCANNING SENSOR R. Tanaka, H. Yokoyama, H. Chikatsu
  • AUTOMATIC HIERARCHICAL OBJECT DECOMPOSITION FOR OBJECT RECOGNITION M. Ulrich, A. Baumgartner, C. Steger
  • COMPARISION OF DIFFERENT SENSOR TYPES AND VALIDATION OF AN APPROACH FOR MULTI SENSOR FUSION A. Wendt, C. Rosing, M. Weisensee
  • USE OF DLT IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METROLOGY Zeroual I. Liazid A.
  • RECONSTRUCTING TEXTURED CAD MODEL OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING VEHICLE-BORNE LASER RANGE SCANNER AND LINE CAMERAS Huijing Zhao, Ryosuke Shibasaki
  • CAR COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON ORTHOPHOTO TRANSFORMATION S. Yu. Zheltov, A. V. Sybiryakov, O. V. Vygolov
  • WGV/2 Scene Modelling and Virtual Reality
  • SINGLE IMAGE AND TOPOLOGY APPROACHES FOR MODELING BUILDINGS O. Al Khalil & P. Grussenmeyer
  • TOWARDS AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION OF DENSE RANGE SCANS Jan Böhm
  • SEMI-AUTOMATIC 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF OCCLUDED AND UNMARKED SURFACES FROM WIDELY SEPARATED VIEWS Sabry F. El-Hakim
  • Dynamic trapezoidal maps for coarse perspective models in indoor scenes Javier Finat, Margarita Gonzalo-Tasis, Maria J. Antolinez Susana Aguilar
  • Title: A fast self-organized iconic segmentation and grouping based in color Javier Finat, Margarita Gonzalo-Tasis and Alejandro Viloria.
  • LASER SCANNER APPLICATION ON COMPLEX SHAPES OF ARCHITECTURE. PROFILES EXTRACTION PROCESSING AND 3D MODELLING. Luigi FREGONESE [...] Cristiana ACHILLE [...]
  • FAST RECOVERY OF IMAGE ORIENTATION USING VIRTUAL URBAN MODELS Charalampos Georgiadis, Anthony Stefanidis, Peggy Agouris
  • SCENE MODELING BY USING VIDEO CAMERA Tsukasa Hosmura, Tetsuo Ohta
  • PHOTOREALISTIC OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION USING COLOR IMAGE MATCHING Yasemin Kuzu
  • FLEXIBLE 3-D MODELLING OF HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS WITH CONSTRAINED VIEWPOINT AND MULTIPLE UNKNOWNS Christophe Leroux, Philippe Even, Anne Lottin, Rodolphe Gelin, Jean Marc Idasiak, Jean François Boissonneau, Michel Jeanjacques
  • Bundle Orientation and 3-D Object Reconstruction from Multiple-Station Panoramic Imagery Thomas Luhmann, Werner Tecklenburg
  • A NEW METHOD TO CREATE A GEOMETRICALLY CORRECTED IMAGE OF A DIGITAL CAMERA Ryuji Matsuoka, Kiyonari Fukue, Kohei Cho, Haruhisa Shimoda, Yoshiaki Matsumae, Kenji Hongo, Naoki Shirai
  • VIEW SYNTHESIS WITH THE TRIFOCAL TENSOR FROM UNCALIBRATED IMAGERY Helmut Mayer, Wolfram Büchner, Thomas Riegel
  • MOBILE MAPPING FROM STEREO OMNI-DIRECTIONAL VISION S. Ozawa, I. Miyagawa, K. Wakabayashi, T. Arikawa
  • A GENERIC 3D MODEL FOR AUTOMATED BUILDING ROOF RECONSTRUCTION S. Scholze, T. Moons, L. Van Gool
  • CALIBRATION OF AN SEM, USING A NANO POSITIONING TILTING TABLE AND A MICROSCOPIC CALIBRATION PYRAMID Olaf Sinram, Martin Ritter, S. Kleindiek, A. Schertel, H. Hohenberg and J. Albertz
  • 3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROBLEMS E. Stylianidis, P. Patias
  • EXTRACTION OF BUILDING FOOTPRINTS FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER DATA AND ORTHO IMAGE Hiroshi TAKEDA Naoko KURISAKI Wentao CHE
  • TOWARDS AUTOMATIC RELATIVE ORIENTATION FOR ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY Frank A. van den Heuvel
  • KNOWLEDGE-BASED AUTOMATIC 3D LINE EXTRACTION FROM CLOSE RANGE IMAGES S. Zlatanova and F. A. van den Heuvel
  • WGV/3 Medical Image Analysis and Human Motion
  • MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF HUMAN FACES FROM MULTI IMAGES Nicola D'Apuzzo
  • REPRESENTING THE HUMAN VASCULAR SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF X-RAY PICTURES Á. Detrekói, K. Fekete, Z. Tóth, O. Alhusain, A. Juhász, I. Stuber, Á. Rakusz
  • 3D Brain Volume and Surface Visualization with CT and MR Images for Diagnosing Abnormal Structures: Integration with Photogrammetric Techniques (EXTENDED SUMMARY) S. Dogan, M. O. Altan
  • MARKERLESS FULL BODY SHAPE AND MOTION CAPTURE FROM VIDEO SEQUENCES P. Fua, A. Gruen, N. D'Apuzzo, R. Plänkers
  • SONOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND IMAGING FEATURES IN THE EVALUATION OF ACUTE SCROTAL PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN Katsimba D., Tzouveleki M., Miliou Th., Christopoulos S.
  • A ROBUST PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM FOR WOUND MEASUREMENT A. Malian, F. A. van den Heuvel, A. Azizi
  • ON THE APPLICATION FOR ROAD STRUCTURE IN DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION USING HVT SYSTEM T. Odake, H. Chikatsu
  • A CONCEPT WORK FOR AUGMENTED REALITY VISUALISATION BASED ON A MEDICAL APPLICATION IN LIVER SURGERY Tim Suthau, Marcus Vetter, Peter Hassenpflug, Hans-Peter Meinzer, Olaf Hellwich
  • ANALYSIS OF TIME-SPACE EFFECT OF WALKING USING ACCELEROMETERS AND GYRO SENSOR SYSTEM Masako Tsuruoka, Yuriko Tsuruoka, Ryosuke Shibasaki, Yoshifumi Yasuoka, Shunji Murai
  • WGV/4 Image Analysis and Spatial Information Systems for Applications in Cultural Heritage
  • NEW FRONTIERS TO ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY: LASER SCANNER 3D Prof. L. Andreozzi, L. Barnobi, A. Giuffrida, C. Santagati
  • DIGITAL ORTOPHOTO OF SAN MARCO’S BASILICA IN VENICE G. Auditore, D. Miniutti, L. Pilot
  • THE PROMOTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH INTERNET USING ADVANCED AUDIO-VISUAL INFORMATION: THE VENETIAN CASTLES OF PELOPONNISOS E. Bakourou, V. Tsioukas, I. Katzougraki, E. Stylianidis, K. Papadimitriou, P. Patias
  • LASER APPLICATIONS FOR 3D SURVEY OF CULTURAL HERITAGE C. Balletti, F. Guerra
  • GIS DESIGN USING HIGH GEOMETRIC RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES AND HYPERSPECTRAL AIRBORNE DATA P. Boccardo, F. Giulio Tomolo, A. Spanò
  • AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF 3-D VIEWS R. Bologna, A. Guarnieri, M. Minchilli, A. Vettore
  • HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITAL IMAGE ORIENTATION USING LASER SCANNER DATA Leandro Bornaz, Andrea Lingua, Fulvio Rinaudo
  • WEB ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FROM UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY. AN APPLICATION ON TWO ROMAN WRECKS Marco Canciani, Pamela Gambogi, Pierre Drap
  • SURVEYING METHODS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE FOR A GIS IMPLEMENTATION M. Caprioli, R. Bologna, A. Scognamiglio
  • PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RECENT HIGH RESOLUTION AMATEUR CAMERAS AND APPLICATION TO MODELING OF HISTORICAL STRUCTURE Hirofumi Chikatsu, Yoichi Kunii
  • UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND XML BASED DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM: The case of the 'Grand Ribaud F' Etruscan wreck Pierre Drap, Emmanuel Bruno, Luc Long, Anne Durand, Pierre Grussenmeyer
  • ‘ARPENTEUR’ AS WEB BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PACKAGE: TOWARDS INTEROPERABILITY THROUGH A XML STRUCTURE FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA Pierre Drap, Pierre Grussenmeyer, Gilles Gaillard
  • USING 3D GIS FOR DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENT Zaide DURAN & Gönül TOZ
  • NON-METRIC BIRD'S EYE VIEW Prof. A. Georgopoulos, M. Modatsos
  • RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREAT BUDDHA OF BAMIYAN, AFGHANISTAN A. Gruen, F. Remondino, L. Zhang
  • URBAN CONSERVATION STUDY BASED ON COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN TECHNIQUES:A CASE OF ZEYREK/ISTANBUL N. Zeren Gülersoy, T. K. Koramaz
  • DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE ON SITE DOCUMENTATION OF THE OASIS OF SIRWAH IN THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN J. Heckes, A. Hornschuch, U. Kapp, N. Röring
  • COMBINATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND EASY-TO-USE NON-METRIC METHODS FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS Guido HEINZ
  • RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT OLYMPIA IN 3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS A Landscape Analysis of Classical Site Juko ITO, Kohei IWABUCHI
  • THE DIGITAL DATABASE IN ARCHAEOLOGY Paul F. Jacobs
  • DOCUMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION OF HISTORICAL CITY CENTERS: A MULTI-SENSOR APPROACH FOR A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGM P. Patias, G. Karapostolou, P. Simeonidis
  • GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF A VISIBLE-NIR VIDEO CAMERA J. L. Lerma, L. A. Ruiz, F. Buchón, R. Pons, M. Galindez
  • Application of Computer Technic in the Reconstruct of Chinese Ancient Buildings Deren Li, Yixuan Zhu, Jie Yang, Fuling Bian
  • VIRTUALISATION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE E. S. Malinverni, G. Gagliardini, G. Fangi
  • THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ORTHOIMAGING D. Mavromati, E. Petsa, G. E. Karras
  • New Perspectives for Environmental Archaeological GIS Yoshito MIYATSUKA
  • 3D MODELS GENERATION FROM LASER SCANNER DATA TO SUPPORT DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTO 3D: The mosaic surface of the floor of S. Marcus Basilica in Venice. Carlo MONTI [...] Raffaella BRUMANA [...] Luigi FREGONESE [...] Carlo SAVI [...] Christiana ACHILLE [...]
  • Experimentation of a georeferencing methodology for the Cultural Heritage of Lombardia (Italy) Carlo MONTI [...] Raffaella BRUMANA [...] Carlo SAVI [...] Luigi FREGONESE [...] Christiana ACHILLE [...] Giada MONTI [...] Caterina BALLETTI [...] Giovanni AUDITORE [...]
  • DIGITAL INFORMATION UTILIZATION ON PRESERVATION MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Syozo NISHIMURA, Sunaryo SUMITRO
  • IMAGE COMBINATION INTO LARGE VIRTUAL IMAGES FOR FAST 3D MODELLING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Maria Pateraki, Emmanuel Baltsavias, Petros Patias
  • SATELLITES IMAGES OF VERY HIGH RESOLUTION ON THE STUDY OF MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL CENTERS AND THEIR WIDE SURROUNDINGS Patmios E, Lazaridou M.
  • RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ROMAN WAREHOUSES IN ANCONA HARBOUR Fausto Pugnaloni and Roberto Papa
  • A SOLUTION FOR IMAGE ORIENTATION OF CLOSE RANGE BLOCKS M. Scaioni, G. Forlani
  • MAPPING EXCAVATIONS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES USING CLOSE RANGE PHOTOS K. Tokmakidis, D. Scarlatos
  • FITTING, PORTAYAL AND MAPPING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 2nd ORDER SURFACES PHOTOMOSAICS Artemis Valanis
  • DOCUMENTATION of HISTORICAL SITES by COMBINING MODERN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC and LASER TECHNOLOGY E. Vozikis, C. Boletis, J. Petrogonas
  • POTENTIAL OF GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY: A CASE STUDY IN AICHI, JAPAN- Nobuya Watanabe, [...] Hiroyuki Yoshida, [...]
  • CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS ON THE GENERATION OF DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS OF FACADES USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES Albert Wiedemann
  • REFIND ORTHO IMAGING AND MODELLING OF RELICS USING HIGH RESOLUTION AMATEUR CAMERA Hiroshi YOKOYAMA, Hirofumi CHIKATSU
  • WGV/5 Quick Response and Distributed Computing for Close-Range Applications
  • AUTOMATED APPEARANCE-BASED BUILDING DETECTION IN TERRESTRIAL IMAGES Jan Böhm, Norbert Haala, Peter Kapusy
  • INVARIANT REPRESENTATIONS FOR PUNCTUAL AND LOCAL GROUPING CRITERIA IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Isidro de Paz, Javier Finat and Margarita Gonzalo-Tasis
  • AUTOMATIC CITY MODELLING BY ROBUST LINE MATCHING USING HIGH VISION AIR-BORNE IMAGERY Y. Kunii, H. Chikatsu
  • A NEW ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL FROM IMAGE SEQUENCE Hongchao Ma, Deren Li
  • WET LAND AND SALT CRUST FORMATION BASED ON LANDSAT TM DATA Alavi Panah, S.K.
  • SUMMARIZING THE CONTENT OF MOTION IMAGERY DATASETS Anthony Stefanidis, Peggy Agouris, Panos Partsinevelos
  • OPTIMIZING POINT NETWORKS FOR CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY: FIRST TEST RESULTS E. Tung, J. Friedrich, F. Karsli, E. Ayhan
  • WGV/6 Visualization and Animation
  • THE WELL PROMISING FLASHPIX IMAGE FORMAT O. Georgoula, P. Patias
  • THE MEDIEVAL FORTRESS KUFSTEIN, AUSTRIA - AN EXAMPLE FOR THE RESTITUTION AND VISUALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Klaus Hanke, Michael Oberschneider
  • ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CALIBRATION MODELS FOR SEE-THROUGH HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS USED FOR AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS Johannes Leebmann
  • COMPUTER AIDED MAKING UP FOR HUMAN FACE USING GEO-SIMULATOR Shunji MURAI, Akira TSUTUMI, Masanobu KOBAYASHI, Yousuke SEKI
  • ON DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND PLAN SYSTEM FOR MAP PRODUCTION Kazuya NAKANO, Kosuke TSURU
  • LASER SCANNING AND VISUALISATION OF AN AUSTRALIAN ICON: NED KELLY'S ARMOUR Cliff Ogleby
  • 3D-VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES - THE COMPLETE LIST - W. Schuhr, E. Kanngieser
  • A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC DATA V. Tsioukas, K. Papadopoulos, M. Daniil, E. Daniil
  • ICWG V/III Image Sequence Analysis
  • DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR VEHICLE MANOEUVRES RECOGNITION WITH SEQUENTIAL IMAGES FROM HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORMS T. Fuse, E. Shimizu, R. Maeda
  • CONSTRUCTION OF CITY MODEL BY MOTION Yousuke Kashimoto, Heitoh Zen
  • METHOD OF THE CURRENT PITCH ANGLE VALUE CALCULATION ON THE BASIS OF PASSIVE SENSORS DATA PROCESSING IN INTELLIGENT DRIVING SYSTEMS V. M. Lisitsyn, K. V. Obrosov, A. A. Spiridonov, S. V. Tikhonova
  • VIDEO-TO-3D Marc Pollefeys, Luc Van Gool, Maarten Vergauwen, Kurt Cornelis, Frank Verbiest, Jan Tops
  • CAMERA CALIBRATION BY ROTATION Petteri Pöntinen
  • IMAGE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS FOR HUMAN BODY RECONSTRUCTION Fabio Remondino
  • IMAGE SEQUENCE MATCHING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE SURFACES F. Santel, C. Heipke, S. Könnecke, H. Wegmann
  • 3D PARTICLE TRACKING VELOCIMETRY BASED ON IMAGE AND OBJECT SPACE INFORMATION J. Willneff
  • URBAN 3D MAPPING FROM AERIAL IMAGE SEQUENCES Guoqing Zhou
  • Keywords Index
  • Authors Index
  • Cover

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RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREAT BUDDHA OF BAMIYAN, AFGHANISTAN 
A.Gruen, F.Remondino, L.Zhang 
Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry 
ETH Zurich, Switzerland 
e-mail: <agruen> <fabio> <zhangl>@geod.baug.ethz.ch 
Commission V 
KEYWORDS: Cultural Heritage, Orientation, Matching, 3D Reconstruction, Surface modeling, Visualization, Photo-realism 
ABSTRACT: 
In the valley of Bamiyan, Afghanistan, ca 2000 years ago, two big standing Buddha statues were carved out of the sedimentary rock 
of the region. They were 53 and 35 meters high and the Great one figured as the tallest representations of a standing Buddha. In 
March 2601 the Taleban militia demolished the colossal statues, as they were considered an insult to Islam. After the destruction, a 
consortium was established to rebuild the Great Buddha of Bamiyan at original shape, size and place. Our group did the computer 
reconstruction of the statue, which will serve as a basis for the physical reconstruction. The work is done in parallel with three 
different data sets of images and in this paper we report the first results of the 3-D reconstruction of the Great Buddha. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
In the great valley of Bamiyan, 200 km north-east of Kabul, 
Afghanistan, two big standing Buddha statues were carved out 
of the sedimentary rock of the region, at 2500 meters of 
altitude. The Emperor Kanishka ordered their construction 
around the second century AD. Some descendants of Greek 
artists who went to Afghanistan with Alexander the Great 
started the construction that lasted till the fourth century AD. 
The town of Bamiyan, situated in the middle of the Silk Route, 
was one of the major Buddhist centres from the second century 
up to the time that Islam entered the valley in the ninth century. 
The larger statue was 53 metres high while the smaller Buddha 
measured 35 m. They were cut from the sandstone cliffs and 
they were covered with mud and straw mixture to model the 
expression of the face, the hands and the folds of the robe. To 
simulate these folds of the dress, cords were draped down onto 
the body and were attached with wooden pegs. The lower parts 
of their arms were constructed on wooden armatures while the 
upper parts of the faces were made as wooden masks. The two 
giants were painted in gold and other colours and they were 
decorated with dazzling ornaments. They are considered the 
first series of colossal cult images in Buddhist art. 
The two statues were demolished on March 2001 by the 
Taleban, using mortars, dynamite, anti-aircraft weapons and 
rockets. The Buddhists, the world community, ONU and 
UNESCO failed to convince the Taleban to leave such works of 
cultural heritage. 
After the destruction, a consortium was established with the 
goal to rebuild the Great Buddha of Bamiyan at original shape, 
size and place. This initiative is lead by the global heritage 
Internet society New7Wonders, with its founder Bernard Weber 
and the Afghanistan Institute & Museum, Bubendorf 
(Switzerland), with its director Paul Bucherer. Our group has 
volunteered to perform the required computer reconstruction, 
which will serve as a basis for the physical reconstruction. 
Using our model, first a statue at 1/10 of the original size will 
be built and displayed in the Afghanistan Museum in 
Switzerland. This will be used to study materials and 
construction techniques to be applied in the final rebuilding at 
full size. 
In this paper we present the first results of the reconstruction of 
the 3-D model of the Great Buddha of Bamiyan. 
The work is done using three different types of imagery in 
parallel: 
1. a set of images acquired on the Internet (amateur images); 
2. three metric images acquired in Bamiyan in 1970 by Prof. 
Kostka, Technical University of Graz [Kostka, 1974]; 
3. a set of touristic images acquired by Harald Baumgartner 
who visited the valley of Bamiyan between 1965 and 1969. 
We are still processing the third data set, while results from the 
first two are already available. The reconstruction is performed 
with automatic and manual procedures. Only the computer 
model generated with the manual measurements on the metric 
images will be used for the physical reconstruction of the Great 
Buddha, but in this paper we report all the results of the first 
two data sets. 
    
Figure 1: The Great Buddha of Bamiyan before the 
destruction (left); the explosion of March 2001 (center) 
and the rests after the destruction (right). 
2. METHODOLOGY OF PROCESSING 
The reconstruction process consists of phototriangulation 
(calibration, orientation and bundle adjustment), image 
coordinate measurement (automatic matching or manual 
procedure), point cloud and surface generation, texture mapping 
and visualization. 
Out of the 15 images found on the Internet, four of these were 
selected for the processing (Figure 2 - A, B, C, D): two in front 
of the big Buddha, one from the left side and one from the right 
side of the statue. All others were not suitable for 
photogrammetric processing because of very low image quality, 
occlusions or small image scale. 
—363— 
 
	        

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