Proceedings, XXth congress: Proceedings, XXth congress

Altan, M. Orhan

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663674213

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Sub title:: Istanbul, 12 - 23 July 2004

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 1663674213

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.; Auch bezeichnet als XXth International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 166368779X

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Scope:: IV, 226 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 166368779X

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(35,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: INTEGRATED DEM AND PAN-SHARPENED SPOT-4 IMAGE IN URBAN STUDIES G. Doxani, A. Stamou

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

2004 the spot {ric sen, cial nate the dis nost etric and | the is of the IS that over ntrol jents area. and ntrol not ss of yd of d on able n arc osest es of value es of value International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B-YF. Istanbul 2004 In this project, Bicubic interpolation is selected, because this method sharpens the image and smoothes out noise and simultaneously the loss of image information is eliminated. 3.5 Results The expected results of the process of rectification should be near to sub pixel and this is achieved in this project, as it is shown to the below tables: X residual Y residual RMS Error (pixel) (pixel) (pixel) Control Point 0,6166 0,6503 0,8962 Check Point 0,5944 0,6139 0,8545 Table 2. The rectification results of the panchromatic image X residual Y residual RMS Error (pixel) (pixel) (pixel) Control Point 0,7526 0,4541 0,8450 Check Point 0,7835 0,4715 0,9145 Table 3. The rectification results of the multispectral image 3.6 Check of the produced orthoimages Finally, the resulted two orthoimages are tested in order to assess their accuracy, by measuring and comparing the image coordinates of control points to the known coordinates of the available orthophotos. The chosen 20 points are well distributed all over the area. The standard deviation is 8,9m for the panchromatic image and 4,7m for the multispectral. 4. FUSION It is often desirable to simultaneously require high spatial and spectral analysis in a single image. This is accomplished with the process of fusion. Fusion combines data from different sensors with dissimilar resolution and provides images with increased interpretation capabilities. The images have to be rectified in the same reference system, cover the exactly same area and have the same dimensions (the same number of pixels / row and pixels / column), in order to be fused. Firstly, it is necessary to registrate the low-resolution image on the high-resolution image, so as to be possible to compare these two images pixel by pixel. Moreover, it is essential that the images have been orthorectified for the more accurate pixel-by-pixel corresponding, especially in the case of mountainous areas. 41 Preparation of the images First of all the low-resolution orthorectified image is registered to the high-resolution orthorectified image, for the absolute coincidence of pixels. It is also necessary to define the exact area of study in the two images; with view to obtain the corner pixels of the two images the exact same cartographic coordinates. After these preparations the two images are ready to be fused with the principal components analysis (PCA). 141 4.2 The principal components analysis (PCA) In fusion with the PCA technique, the new band PCI can be replaced by the panchromatic. This is possible because they are considered to have the same spectral characteristics. By inversion of the new principal components the result is one synthetic image, which maintains the spatial characteristics of the panchromatic image, and at the same time has the spectral information of the multispectral. That is a synthetic image with spatial resolution 10m. Figure 4. The synthetic image 4.3 Evaluation of the spectral and spatial quality of the synthetic image In order to be more reliable and useful the synthetic image it is important to valuate its spectral and spatial quality. The comparison of the synthetic image to original multispectral is accomplished under some certain conditions. The two compared images must have the same spatial analysis and their spectral information must be identical. That's why the synthetic image should be degraded to the analysis of the original multispectral, and the all band histograms of the synthetic image must be matched with the histograms of the original multispectral image. For the spectral quality the following criteria are used: 1. Standard deviation, mean, correlation coefficient (Wald et.al., 1997). The NDVI index (Tsakiri, 2001) D

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