Proceedings, XXth congress: Proceedings, XXth congress

Altan, M. Orhan

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663674213

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Sub title:: Istanbul, 12 - 23 July 2004

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 1663674213

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.; Auch bezeichnet als XXth International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 166368779X

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Scope:: IV, 226 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 166368779X

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(35,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME FOREST FIRE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM L. Trevis, Dr. N. El-Sheimy

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B-YF. Istanbul 2004 The Data Acquisition System integrates an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU) receiver of the Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS), and a thermal camera. The WADGPS and IMU data are used to georeference the thermal images. The use of a thermal camera, which senses heat emitted in the form of infrared radiation, enables early detection and location of forest fires that could not be sensed by the human eye. The camera will also provide accurate images of the fire in reduced visibility due to haze, smoke or darkness. The real-time data acquisition system, designed to upload this data in real-time to the internet site, will sufficiently aid fire managers to effectively determine where to allocate resources and to quickly detect where hidden, smoldering fires are located. The accuracy obtained by this system is two to five meters and facilitates the acquisition of accurate reports on position, size and direction of the fire. For further information about this Data Acquisition System, see Wright and El-Sheimy, 2003. The Control Center System houses the webpage. It has many responsibilities. The first of three main responsibilities is processing all information that is obtained by the Data Acquisition System. The second responsibility is performing the fire behavioral modeling functions. The last major responsibility is displaying the fire status monitoring information. More detailed information about these processes and functions will be given in the next section. The last sub-system, the Response System, enables the results of the Control Center System to be displayed to the user. This system allows the system user to view the results obtained from the Control Center System. All three sub-systems are linked through the Web based WMMS which organizes all functions of the Control Center System for use by the operator. A flow chart outlining the structure of the WMMS can be seen in Figure 2. Database Server Data Processing Results Query Data Upload Upload Data Data Get data Request Map/Image = via TCP/IP Get data = c z = = = Return Response = Upload v Map/Image System = data 3 via TCP/IP Client Viewer e e = T" Request Text (HTM L, 8 via TCP/IP JavaScript, — Java Applet) Return Text via TCP/IP Apache Web Server Figure 2: Control Center System: Client/Server Communication The Database Server obtains the data from the Data Acquisition System and all data processed in the Control Center System can 66 be viewed by the client through the Response System. The WMMS has five main components, as shown in Figure 2 that allow the three main sub-systems to communicate seamlessly. These components are listed below: = Apache Web Server = Web MapServer = Hypertext Preprocessor Server (PHP) = Database Server = Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 2.1 Apache Web Server The Apache Web Server is a computer platform that hosts the Web MapServer and the PHP server. The role of the Apache Server is to connect the client's personal computer to the stored wildfire data on the server via the MapServer and PHP servers. 2.2 Web MapServer The Web MapServer is a public domain development environment from the University of Minnesota that is used for building spatially enabled Internet applications. This software works on any Linux, UNIX and Windows platform and has many GIS features which make it the most attractive option to use for the WMMS Webpage. MapServer also allows the clients to browse GIS data and to create geographic maps (Lime, 2003). It is responsible for all spatial data operations and publications in this system. MapServer works by configuring each application using a text file called a *mapfile". Anything associated with a particular application is defined in the mapfile as an object. In a single file there can be many objects used to build an entire interface, or just a single object used to build a simple legend or scale bar. To add to the functionality of the system, one can use and modify these objects through an HTML form. The program results are then run through a series of templates depending on the application (i.e.: data browse or feature queries) and the results are displayed to the user. 2.3 PHP Server PHP is a general purpose scripting language that is particularly useful in Web development and can be easily embedded into HTML. The PHP server facilitates the transfer of image and textual data between the server and the client. It performs the searching techniques of the spatial and textual data. The user can thus access the newly published data processed by the control center through the Apache Web Server. However, since this web based fire modeling system is capable of publishing information in real-time, the data server must be accessed frequently. If textual, real-time data is transmitted, the PHP server can directly transfer the data from the database to the client via the TCP/IP protocol, which is explained later. If the data is a general image such as fire photos, the PHP server can automatically retrieve it from the database and pass to the client. 2.4 Database Server Multiple types of data sets are used in this application such as text, spread sheets, general and georeferenced images, GIS data and GPS coordinates. This application uses the Standard Query Language (SQL) to organize the database. The SQL standard

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