Proceedings, XXth congress: Proceedings, XXth congress

Altan, M. Orhan

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663674213

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Sub title:: Istanbul, 12 - 23 July 2004

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 1663674213

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.; Auch bezeichnet als XXth International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Primary Data Acquisition

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 166368779X

Title:: Proceedings, XXth congress

Scope:: IV, 226 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2004

Place of publication:: Istanbul

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 166368779X

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(35,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist aus dem Copyrightjahr ermittelt.

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Altan, M. Orhan

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 20., 2004, Istanbul; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: SENSOR WEB AND GEOSWIFT - AN OPEN GEOSPATIAL SENSING SERVICE S. H. L. Liang, V. Tao, A. Croitoru

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

al- ith us eb ind ind en, es, the ing the nce the nce om )99) International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B-YF. Istanbul 2004 With these inexpensive and powerful embedded computing processors, small sensors are now equipped with "brains" (processing units); are able to “think” (processing data); and are able to “talk” (communicate) to each other with the integration of equipped computing processor, wire/wireless communication and embedded operation system(Liang et al., 2003). 1.2.3 Scalable The Sensor Web will accommodate enormous amounts of distributed and heterogeneous sensing resources. New sensors can be added into the SW easily at later stages and without changing the existing design. To date sensor network community has pursued a variety of pioneering research activities in this field. One of the most important examples of this is in the development of 'self-configurable and adaptive sensors’ which can be randomly ‘seeded’ to the field in large numbers without a sophisticated deployment process(Sohrabi et al., 2002). 1.2.4 High Resolution The collaboration between various types of sensors and the fusion of sensing information will provide full-scale integrated sensing that has both high spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. (Figure 1.) Remote sensing has larger spatial coverage and in-situ sensing has higher temporal resolution. The SW connects both remote sensing and in-situ sensors, fuses their observations and provides integrated sensing(Teillet et al., 2002b) that has both large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. o SPOT, LandSAT oO IKONOS, Quickbird O Airborne SAR $ t ©) Airborne LIDAR o ©) Aerial Photo Qo 2 ® Oo Wireless Sensor Networks RJ e (motes) o © Web Cams Oo Traffic Sensors (Car presence) Oo Weather Stations O Marine Sensors Temporal Resolution Figure 1. Sensor Web is an integrated sensing which has both large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. 1.3 Layers of the Sensor Web The sensor web is comprised of the following three layers: e Sensor Layer e Communication Layer e Information Layer (Figure 2) Through close integration of the three layers, the sensor web concept can be achieved. The following section introduces the advances, characteristics, and capabilities of each of these three layers. Sensor Web Airborne Remote Sensin ng Spaceborne Remote Sensing Sensor Web Sensor Layer _— oe eu — po my N T A 3 P PL / Sensor Web A N Communication and _ ) Traditional Terrestrial/Aqualic Pu Information Layer A Sensor Networks je j / Wireless Sensor Networks N p b b or See ov he pit Td, i t I 1 : b Low-cost, off-the-shelf \ b (9 sensors (e.g. web cams) £5) Figure 2. Conceptual Diagram of Sensor Web 1.3.1 Sensor Layer: By definition, a sensor is a device that provides a usable output in response to a specific physical quantity, property, or condition which is measured (National Research Council, 1995). In the past ten years, sensor technology has been advanced significantly. Over 100 physical, chemical and biological properties can now be measured by sensors. Sensors have become smaller, cheaper, more reliable, more power efficient, more widely available, and more intelligent. Trillions of sophisticated sensors will be embedded into our daily lives, thereby providing extensive monitoring in the near future.(Estrin et al., 2001) Sensors can be classified in several ways. One way is in terms of the medium or object that the sensors are sensing. Based on this, sensors can be classified as either in-situ or remote sensors, both of which have different characteristics and advantages. In- situ sensors are less expensive per unit, have higher accuracy, and have better temporal resolution. However, remote sensors provide much greater spatial extent then do in-situ sensors. The benefit of the SW is that it integrates both in-situ and remote sensors and thereby achieves truly integrated sensing. 1.3.2 Communication Layer: The second of the three SW layers is the Communication layer, which controls the data / command transmission within and between the sensor layer and the information layer. It includes media, protocols, topologies, etc. This layer can be an Internet, satellite, cellphone or radio-based network. Configuration of the layer depends on the environment, the requirements and the constraints of the particular context. Radio communication has long been used for meteorological sensors that obtain periodic readings of temperature, light, humidity, wind directions, etc. In urban areas, cell-phone based wireless network communication has been widely used for mobile sensors, such as GPS sensors for vehicle tracking. European Commission’s Mobihealth project is an example of using 2.5G and 3G cell-phone-based networks to transmit bio- sensors’ physical measurements. In many areas, satellite communication is still the only option for linking sensors. For example, CCRS’s proWISE project deployed weather sensors in Saskatchewan, CANADA and used satellite communication for transmitting observations back to the workstation in Ottawa, CANADA (Teillet et al., 2002a) In recent years, advances in miniaturization; low-power circuit design; simple, low power, yet reasonably efficient wireless

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