XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VII

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663821976

Title:: Technical Commission VII

Scope:: 546 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663821976

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B7)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VII/2: SAR INTERFEROMETRY]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: TOMOGRAPHIC SAR INVERSION FROM MIXED REPEAT- AND SINGLE-PASS DATA STACKS - THE TERRASAR-X/TANDEM-X CASE Xiao Xiang Zhu, Richard Bamler

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia TOMOGRAPHIC SAR INVERSION FROM MIXED REPEAT- AND SINGLE-PASS DATA STACKS - THE TERRASAR-X/TANDEM-X CASE Xiao Xiang Zhu *°, Richard Bamler *° * German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany. (xiao.zhu, richard.bamler)@dlr.de b Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany Commission VII/2: SAR Interferometry KEY WORDS: Tomographic SAR Inversion, TanDEM-X data, SLIMMER ABSTRACT: This paper presents the first demonstration of high precision very high resolution tomographic SAR inversion with the assistance of TanDEM-X data. The data quality of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X is investigated. TomoSAR algorithms such as SVD-Wiener, Nonlinear Least Squares and SLIMMER are extended for mixed repeat- and single-pass data stacks. A systematic approach is proposed for the fusion of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X data in which the different data quality provided by the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X data are taken into account by introducing a weighting according to the noise covariance matrix. The proposed approach is evaluated with simulated data. The simulation result shows that the reconstruction accuracy of tomographic SAR inversion can be improved significantly by using jointly fused TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X data. 1. INTRODUCTION Tomographic SAR Inversion (Lombardini, 2003; Fornaro et al., 2009; Zhu and Bamler, 2010a), including SAR tomography (TomoSAR) and differential SAR tomography (D-TomoSAR), aims at real and unambiguous 3D, 4D (space-time) or even higher dimensional SAR imaging and is one of the most advanced SAR techniques. TomoSAR uses typically 20-100 multi-pass SAR interferometric data sets of the same area taken from approximately the same, but slightly different, orbits to establish a synthetic aperture in the elevation direction. It aims at deriving the full scattering density, ie. the reflectivity profile, in elevation by spectral analysis with special consideration of the difficulties caused by sparse and irregular sampling of the aperture. From this reconstructed profile in elevation multiple scatterers in any azimuth-range pixel are separated, and hence the full 3D (azimuth, range and elevation) reflectivity distribution is obtained. Therefore, TomoSAR is the strictest way of 3D SAR imaging while classical INSAR can be regarded as the limiting case of parametric TomoSAR. D- TomoSAR uses the fact that the different acquisitions are taken at different times and introduces new dimensions to the TomoSAR system model attributing to the possible motion of the scatterers, linear and nonlinear, single component or multi- component. By means of higher dimensional spectral analysis, D-TomoSAR is capable of retrieving elevation and deformation information even of multiple scatterers inside a single SAR pixel. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is a special case of D-TomoSAR where only a single scatterer inside a pixel is assumed. The new generation of SAR sensors, such as TerraSAR-X and Cosmo-Skymed, have proven to open up new opportunities for tomographic SAR inversion. Among all other advantages, such as high absolute geometric accuracy, precise orbit determination and short revisit time, this new class of SAR sensors deliver SAR data with a very high spatial resolution of up to | m compared to the medium (10-30 m)- and high (3-10 m)-resolution SAR systems available so far. For the first time, the 3D shape and complex motion of single buildings can be reconstructed and enables tomographic SAR inversion to monitor urban infrastructure from space (Zhu and Bamler, 2010; Zhu and Bamler, 2012b). The estimation accuracy of the 3D position and motion parameters depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), number of images used (typically 20-100), motion model assumption and the coupling effect between the spatial baseline and temporal base functions (Zhu and Bamler, 2012a; Zhu and Bamler, 2011). The state-of-the-art reconstruction accuracy of tomographic SAR inversion is limited, since: - The SNR of many pixels is very low, typically 0~10dB; - Although the underlying motion is complex, the motion model order is limited and assumed to be up to 2, e.g. a geodynamically induced linear motion and a thermal dilation induced seasonal motion, which must be estimated, although it is often regarded as a nuisance parameter. — The coupling effect between the phases attributed to the underlying topography and motion cannot be neglected using repeat-pass data stack acquired by a single antenna SAR sensor. Fig.1 presents a 3D view of the scatterers reconstructed by TomoSAR of city blocks in downtown Las Vegas, using a stack of 30 images acquired by TerraSAR-X. This limited accuracy can be obviously observed from the outliers and noisy building surfaces. Along with the launch of TanDEM-X in 2010, for the first time (after SRTM) there is a real multi-antenna system in space, even though only with a single baseline. It enables us to acquire data pairs simultaneously and repeatedly in time. The TanDEM-X data pairs are free of motion, atmosphere and temporal decorrelation, and hence possess much higher data quality. The fusion of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X data, i.e. adding a couple of TanDEM-X acquisition pairs to the TerraSAR-X data stacks, can be used to improve the result of tomographic SAR inversion from the above mentioned three aspects on the one hand, and to explore the limits of tomographic reconstruction on the other hand. This paper presents the first demonstration of high precision very high resolution tomographic SAR inversion with the assistance of TanDEM-X data. The data quality of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X is investigated (Section II). TomoSAR algorithms such as SVD-Wiener, Nonlinear Least Squares and

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