XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VII

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663821976

Title:: Technical Commission VII

Scope:: 546 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663821976

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B7)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VII/2: SAR INTERFEROMETRY]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: GLACIER SURFACE MONITORING BY MAXIMIZING MUTUAL INFORMATION Esra Erten, Cristian Rossi, Irena Hajnsek

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

p igate the irectly a by pixel- (3). pp. ' Terrain s, in VII jeodesy, (Eds.), me 137, jermany: etti, A., netry. A [magery, .. 1100 — F., 2009. satellites r Earth idelberg, for high- o bias- Istanbul, i-Global dons on 28-341. er 20— nce and h. ardt, M., Data in speckle Surface Analysis JItrafine- s. IEEE (10), pp. or DSM ogramm. DLR for his work ‚ed from v Group International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia GLACIER SURFACE MONITORING BY MAXIMIZING MUTUAL INFORMATION Esra Erten“, Cristian Rossi”, Irena Hajnsek““ , , “ITU, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Geomatic Engineering 80626 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey ‘DLR, German Aerospace Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, D-82234 Wessling, Germany SETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Group CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland “DLR, German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute D-82234 Wessling, Germany Commission VII/2 KEY WORDS: SAR, polarimetry, information theory, glacier ABSTRACT: The contribution of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images compared with the single-channel SAR in terms of tem- poral scene characterization has been found and described to add valuable information in the literature. However, despite a number of recent studies focusing on single polarized glacier monitoring, the potential of polarimetry to estimate the surface velocity of glaciers has not been explored due to the complex mechanism of polarization through glacier/snow. In this paper, a new approach to the prob- lem of monitoring glacier surface velocity is proposed by means of temporal PoISAR images, using a basic concept from information theory: Mutual Information (MI). The proposed polarimetric tracking method applies the MI to measure the statistical dependence between temporal polarimetric images, which is assumed to be maximal if the images are geometrically aligned. Since the proposed polarimetric tracking method is very powerful and general, it can be implemented into any kind of multivariate remote sensing data such as multi-spectral optical and single-channel SAR images. The proposed polarimetric tracking is then used to retrieve surface velocity of Aletsch glacier located in Switzerland and of Inyltshik glacier in Kyrgyzstan with two different SAR sensors; Envisat C-band (single polarized) and DLR airborne L-band (fully polarimetric) systems, respectively. The effect of number of channel (polarimetry) into tracking investigations demonstrated that the presence of snow, as expected, effects the location of the phase center in different polarization, such as glacier tracking with temporal HH compared to temporal VV channels. Shortly, a change in polarimetric signature of the scatterer can change the phase center, causing a question of how much of what I am observing is motion then penetration. In this paper, it is shown that considering the multi-channel SAR statistics, it is possible to optimize the separate these contributions. 1 INTRODUCTION 2 GLACIER SURFACE MONITORING Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data are being This paper expands the ideas firstly presented in (Erten et al., used more and more for temporal analysis such as crop inventory, 2012), which uses the MI to characterize the temporal scene in change detection, land use management and etc. Although there terms of PolSAR images. In this work, the mutual informa- are interesting works in glacier monitoring with single-channel tion, which is maximum if the temporal images are geometrically single-polarized SAR images (Erten et al., 2009, Reigber et al., aligned, is used for multi-channel (PoISAR) tracking by exploit- 2008, Fallourd et al., 2011), the potential of PoISAR in glacier ing the second order statistics of the acquisitions. monitoring has not been fully investigated yet. Indeed, a change in the polarimetric signature affects the phase center in the pres- 2.1 Theoretical Background ence of the snow, meaning that tracking with temporal HH chan- nels may differ from the VV one (Rott and Davis, 1993). To 5 AOT take into account this polarimetric information into the tracking, A temporal acquisition vector, for each pixel, k = | ka] instead of single channel tracking, as in common in literature, is a complex vector distributed as a multi-component circular a new polarimetric approach is proposed in this paper. The ap- Gaussian A/C(0, X) that consists of two target vectors kL ~ proach proposed in this work for tackling this problem is the N€(0, $11) and Eo oo A'€ (0, 3:22) obtained from temporal multi maximization of the Mutual Information (MI) between tempo- channel SAR images at time t1 and ta, respectively. Here, the ral polarimetric covariance matrices, yielding the best fit between à t : number of elements in one of the target vectors k; at time t; is different displacement (shift) vectors. represented by m, and hence the temporal target vector k has the The presentation of the paper is as follows. Section 2 addresses dimension of q = 2 x m. For example, q = 2 corresponds to in- the theoretical background of the multi-channel MI and express terferometric SAR (InSAR) images whereas q — 6 corresponds the proposed algorithm how to use in glacier monitoring. Sec- polarimetric interferometric (PolInSAR) images. It can be re- tion 3 is dedicated to experimental results on for temporal glacier marked that with single channel data (m — 1), only one copolar- monitoring with DLR airborne E-SAR sensor and Envisat im- ized channel ki = kn or ki = ku, is recorded, and the phase ages, presenting the performance of the proposed algorithm in a carries no useful information for distributed targets. When multi- long and short wavelength, respectively. Section 4 concludes the channel (polarimetric) data are available e.g. ki zz [Kuh Kpodtov]. work with discussions. phase differences between channels provide information about 41

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