Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation: Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 842147969

Title:: Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation

Sub title:: October 7 - 11, 1974, Banff, Alberta, Canada

Year of publication:: 1974

Place of publication:: Ottawa, Ontario

Publisher of the original:: Canadian Inst. of Surveying

Identifier (digital):: 842147969

Language:: German

Other Title:: Nebentitel: Proceedings : Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation

Corporations:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Adapter:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Founder of work:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Other corporate:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 842148353

Title:: Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation

Sub title:: October 7 - 11, 1974, Banff, Alberta, Canada

Scope:: VII Seiten, Seiten 469 - 878

Year of publication:: 1974

Place of publication:: Ottawa, Ontario

Publisher of the original:: Canadian Inst. of Surveying

Identifier (digital):: 842148353

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: T 15 B 1306

Language:: German

Additional Notes:: Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Corporations:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Adapter:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Founder of work:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Other corporate:: Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, 1974, Banff, Alberta; International Society for Photogrammetry, Commission Interpretation of Data; Canadian Institute of Surveying

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2015

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: SPECIAL APPLICATIONS CHAIRMAN. - S. SCHNEIDER

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: TECHNIQUES OF AERIAL ARCHEOLOGY. Thomas Eugene Avery

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

DETECTION TECHNIQUES When the archeologist relies on ground reconnaissance for the detection of archeological sites, he is limited to sites which are (1) small enough to comprehend on the ground from visible remains, (2) accessible within practical and economical limits, (3) still visible in spite of modern-day cultivation and construction, and (4) recognizable, even though the erosional effects of nature may have been operating over a long period of time. Fortunately, aerial discovery techniques are not as severely limited by the foregoing conditions. Evidence of past landscapes which are too large to be comprehended from the ground, or which may have been incorporated into the present landscape and thus gone unrecognized, are often detectable on some form of aerial imagery. And the advantage of a greater range and vertical viewpoint, as depicted on an aerial view, helps in understanding the pattern of things that are seen but not understood on the ground. For example, subtle suggestions of buried landscapes are sometimes revealed on conventional aerial photographs by shadow patterns, variations in soil color ation, or differences in the height, density, or color of the plants that grow above the buried features. And some remote sensors operate outside the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus providing the archeologist with "another eye into the past." For example, thermal infrared scanners react to emitted, rather than reflected energy. These images record variations in heat waves emitted by the earth's surface. The structure of rock and soil beneath the surface affects the emissivity of these heat waves, and may be revealed on the infrared image. Shadow Marks Shadow marks are site indicators produced by the sun's rays falling ob liquely on minor terrain configurations or irregularities. Such surface irregu larities may have been caused by soil accumulations on the ground, by mounds of earth that resulted from older structures, or by buried remains of archeo logical value. Old earthworks, unnoticed banks and ditches, and other charac teristics of previous landscapes may sometimes be discernible from shadow marks on aerial photographs—even though such features are virtually invisible to a ground observer. Shadow marks dénote variations in surface relief through contrasting tones of shadows, normal photographic tones, and highlighted areas. Since an oblique sun angle is ordinarily required to produce good shadow marks, photographic flights should be planned for early mornings or late afternoons, and preferably during the winter months in regions of higher latitude. The direction as well as the altitude of the sun at the time of photography are important for producing diagnostic shadow marks. When the sun's rays are parallel to a bank or ditch, the tone on the photograph may be perfectly uniform and non-revealing. For the best contrast between light and shadow, the sun's rays should form an angle as close to 90 degrees as possible with suspected linear relief features. In planning exploratory flights, it may therefore be necessary to photograph an area from two or more flight-line orientations.

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Proceedings of Symposium on Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation (Volume 2)

Multivolume work

Volume

Chapter

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Volume

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation