Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 2 Microwave data. Chairman: N. Lannelongue, Liaison: L. Krul

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Detection by side-looking radar of geological structures under thin cover sands in arid areas. B. N. Koopmans

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

150 1B 10 km Figure 1A. Shuttle Radar Image over Esfideh, Horasan province (East Iran). Figure 1B. Shuttle hand-held photography over same area. Notice the differences in length of the strike ridges between a and b on the two images. color image of the Linhof camera. The ridges can be followed over 16 km running parallel to the flight track of the shuttle before they disappear towards the east under superficial fan material. This super ficial cover forms a uniform tonal area on the space photo intersected only by two not very well express ed dry river valleys having a "V" shape (fig. 1B at c and d). The eastern branch is clearly discernible also on the radar image (fig. 1A at a) as a lighter-toned zone because of difference in surface roughness between the dry riverbed, with relative coarse ma terial, and the smooth surface of the more sandy fan material. A vague gulley pattern typical for a desert fan is present. The western branch of the riverbed is only very faintly visible on the radar (fig. 1A at c). The Eocene to Oligocene strike ridges can be follow ed on the radar image over a length of 28 km, which is 12 km longer than the distance measured on the photo image, although over the last 12 km the tonal contrast on the radar between the two horizons and the surrounding material is less distinct. There remains the question if spatial resolution of the Linhof camera may not be insufficient to allow for further discrimination of these two hori zons. It seems clear that the outcrops are not con tinuing as strike ridges, but they may continue as concentrations of loose rock material on the pedi ment slope or sand sheet, although no tonal differ entiation on the photo suggests this possibility and a thin sand cover is more likely. The author has neither succeeded in obtaining ground information nor in obtaining aerial photographs over this area to study the differences in more detail to come to convincing conclusions. SUDAN/EGYPT In the area of the Red Sea hills (Sudan) and east ern desert (Egypt), a comparison was made of SIR-B radar data, Landsat and Large Format Camera (LFC) images. The spatial resolution of the radar data and the LFC photos is approximately of the same order (Table 1). So they were the index components in the comparison (fig. 2). Table 1. Ground resolution of RS-data. Shuttle Imaging Radar - azimuth resolution: 29.4 m (4 look) SIR-B range resolution : 17.8 m Landsat 3 MSS - 80 m Large Format Camera (LFC) - 15-20 m (film B/W 3412) The Large Format Camera has the further advantage that topographic height differences can be observed by stereo viewing of overlapping photographs, in creasing the confidence level of interpretation. The radar data were acquired during the 17th shuttle flight (SIR-B mission) data take 097.5 on 12 October 1984. The radar incidence angle was 52.1° towards the beam center. In contrast with SIR-A where only optical processed data were avail able, SIR-B allowed digital correlation. GEOLOGY OF THE RED SEA HILLS The oldest rocks occurring in the area are the granitic gneisses and amphibolites of the Lower- Middle Proterozoic Kashebib Group (Vail, 1979), referred to by Gabert et al. (1960) as Kashebib series. The rock sequence also occasionally con tains some marbles. They are correlated with the Mitig gneisses from the Egyptian eastern desert (Said, 1971; Schurmann, 1974). The sequence forms in general a high relief. A coarse metamorphic trend direction is visible on Landsat and LFC photographs. The tone of the out cropping rocks on the B/W LFC photos is slightly dark but less so than the ultrabasic and basic rock types. The Kashebib group is followed upwards by the Nafirdeib group (Ruxton, 1956) consisting of meta sediments and acid to basic metavolcanites. They form a typical green schist assemblage with occa sional ultramafic masses and serpentinites. Hashad (1980) gives an age of 1200 Ma on the basis of radiometric Rb/Sr measurements for similar rock types in the eastern desert op Egypt. The metasediments and metavolcanites are well re cognizable on the remote sensing images as a result of their metamorphic texture. Finely aligned meta morphic strike ridges are typical for these rocks. Relief is in general rather subdued and intricate fold structures can be recognised. The ultramafic rocks are very dark in tone on Landsat MSS and LFC images. The Proterozoic intrusive rocks consist of older batholitic granites, granodiorites, thonalites and pegmatites. These rocks are often mildly foliated. They form intrusive contacts with the metasedimen tary sequence. The ages of the older granitoids are given by Hashad (op.cit.) as 1000-850 Ma for the egyptian part. Most of the granodioritic batholiths in Sudan are assigned a slightly younger age (700 Ma) . These granitoid bodies have a very subdued relief due to intensive weathering (Dixon, 1982). They are extensively covered by sand sheets and crop out only on the edges of the batholiths. These sandy areas appear dark in tone on the radar in contrast to the light tones on the MSS and LFC images.

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