Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: CAESAR: CCD Airborne Experimental Scanner for Applications in Remote Sensing. N. J. J. Bunnik & H. Pouwels, C. Smorenburg & A. L. G. van Valkenburg

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

207 Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 CAESAR: CCD Airborne Experimental Scanner for Applications in Remote Sensing N.J.J.Bunnik & H.Pouwels National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands C.Smorenburg & A.L.G.van Valkenburg TNO Institute of Applied Physics, TPD, Delft, Netherlands ABSTRACT: In the framework of the Dutch national remote sensing programme, an airborne multispectral scanner based on the use of CCD detectors has been developed and tested. The objectives of the project were to obtain technical experience with the electro-optical properties of commercially available CCD's and to provide the user community with a versatile airborne system to be used in experimental remote sensing programmes. Starting from user requirements for land and sea observation a trade-off has been made between the complexity of the optical system and its related development cost. Because of the existing constraints with respect to the sensor size, a modular design consisting of 4 three-channel CCD cameras has been chosen. By means of ex changeable filters different configurations for land and sea observation are available. Besides narrow band spectral filters for land observation, broadband correlation filters have been developed as an option. A forward-looking camera can be used for the acquisition of bidirectional multispectral data. The sensor signals are digitized in 12 bit words in order to cover the full dynamic range with high radiometric resolu tion. Several selections can be made for along track integration time, swath width and radiometric resolu tion. Auxiliary data on flight velocity and aircraft attitude are registered together with digital image data on high density digital tape with a maximum data rate of about 8M bits per sec. Preflight relative and abso lute calibrations for each detector element have been performed. By means of a dark current correction, cali bration and aircraft attitude data, system geometric and radiometric corrections are applied prior to digital analysis. Results of test flights executed over land and sea sites are presented in order to demonstrate the performance and flexibility of CAESAR. INTRODUCTION In the framework of the National Remote Sensing Programme of the Netherlands, a CCD Airborne Ex perimental Scanner for Application in Remote Sensing, called CAESAR has been built. The project has been executed by the National Aerospace Labo ratory NLR. The TNO Institute for Applied Physics TPD has been subcontracted for the development of the sensor part of the system. The project was financed by the Ministry of Education and Sciences. The definition phase has been started in October 1981. The final tests were completed in 1986. The objectives of the project were to increase technical knowledge of and practical experience with the application of linear CCD detectors in remote sensing for land and sea observation. Subse quently an advanced airborne system would become available for research activities in the framework of the national programme. Experience could be brought together from TPD in the field of advanced optics and solid state detectors, from NLR in the field of flight operations, airborne data handling and processing and knowledge on remote sensing from a number of research institutes with user interest. The application of linear detector arrays to multispectral imaging offers the following ad vantages in comparison with the classical mechani cal scanning techniques: - substantial increase of the integration time by which the spatial resolution can be increased, - improved image quality in terms of geometry, - absence of mechanical moving parts. The resulting disadvantages are related to the increased requirements for the image quality in the focal plane of the main optics and the required radiometric calibration of all individual detector elements. Moreover, for most commercially available CCD detectors manufactured from silicium semicon ductors, the wavelength range is limited between 400 and 1100 nm. CCD detectors are used in the German Modular Opto- electronical Multispectral Scanner (MOMS) and the HRV instruments of the French SPOT satellite. The Visible and User Infrared High resolution scanner (VNIR) of the Japanese MOS-1 satellite also will make use of CCD detectors. The advantages of an airborne system are related with compact dimensio ning and flexibility with respect to the possibi lity to change spectral filters and the configu ration for experimental purposes. In the development of an instrument like the CAESAR scanner a number of subsequent steps can be distinguished. Within a set of technical con straints the user requirements have been defined. In the definition phase trade-off studies were per formed for several configurations. The user re quirements are elaborated and evaluated with refe rence to technical possibilities and cost con straints. Based on the accepted design specifica tions the design and development phases are exe cuted, comprising selection and testing of pur chased components, manufacturing and testing of subsystems, integration and testing, calibration, execution of flight and acceptance tests. In paral lel system software is developed and tested and system documentation is produced. USER REQUIREMENTS The CAESAR scanner should be configured both for land observation (in particular vegetation) and for observation of (sea)water colour. The technical constraints were that only one CCD detector would be available for each spectral channel, that only commercially available CCD's would be used and that standard objectives would be applied as imaging optics. User requirements are in general dealing with the selection of the position, width and number of spectral bands, the dynamic range and radiometric resolution, interband image registra tion and correction for geometric and radiometric errors, swath width, spectral resolution and view direction and finally the illumination conditions during the execution of flights.

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