Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Multitemporal analysis of Thematic Mapper data for soil survey in Southern Tunisia. G. F. Epema

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

249 / i and i border slope r very change change rate je ig change . May > sry , May < iry ctance for surfaces 3r several iand 7 (low ) a small .n May. The iootslopes, e units is nge may be rences and >ther parts it. However is in the re used in phenomenon .ncrease in .ope. This comparison n which is etation is >and 4 and , In other vegetation ce. It has permanent % of the ion is a ardly less Dt be read reflectance a whole. i the playa limits of reference ifluence of reference ice are due opment and :es between very small present in istern part of the playa border zone is somewhat more important than more to the west, due to spatial differences in rainfall or runoff. Within the footslope area small differences in change of reflectance exist. It is not clear wether these last mentioned differences are a function of sealing, displacement of sand sheets or grains, exposition or roughness. A study to better atmospheric and reflectance models will be a good way to reveal small differences. The eventual effect of hygroscopic salts is overruled by the effect of salt efflorescence. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION With the aid of Thematic Mapper data of two different days dynamic features were studied for an area in Tunisia. An understanding of the spectral reflectance is necessary for a good interpretation of the changes. A number of main groups are presented. For the multitemporal comparison the data of reflectance have been made comparable. The use of atmospheric models and models describing the inflence of different solar zenith angles on reflectance are described. These atmospheric models were not used due to the limited knowledge of the atmosphere and the wavelength dependancy of path radiance and transmittance. General ways to describe the influence of sun elevation on reflectance are not used. A wavelength dependancy may exist, and the solar zenith angle dependent reflectance is probably also a function of the roughness of the surface. Therefore with the aid of a reference surface all spectral reflectance data of May have been converted to values comparable with January. In general the May reflectance for the playa and playa border zone is above that of January due to the effect of salt cover. This will give a slightly higher reflectance, as is also supported by field measurements. In most parts of the footslope area only small changes in reflectance occur. Parts show however a clear inlfuence of healthy vegetation cover. Also the influence of exposition can be read. Since reference objects are used in stead of a physical model, no exposition model was developed. From the above it is clear that, comparing Thematic Mapper data of two days, increase or decrease in reflectance can be observed for a change in salt cover, condition and coverage of vegetation and relief. Other changes, for instance due to hygroscopic salts, small displacements of dunes or sealing of the surface remain within the limits of uncertainty. If more detatiled information is wanted, the research has to be directed in several complementary ways. More research has to be directed to atmospheric models and especially to the wavelength dependancy of it, while also measurements of the atmosphere in this area have to be performed. Measurements of reflectance in different parts of the reflective part of the spectrum with different solar zenith and observation angles will be useful. An other important approach will be a range of field experiments. An example is the application of artificial rain to monitor changes in reflectance in relation with changes of the surface. The measurements have to be supported by laboratory measurements. The selection of locations has not only to be based on Thematic Mapper data. It is important that the location is also a function of the features of the surface and subsurface itself. A physiographic and spatial statistical approach are both important. The experiments and model developments will lead to a better use of Thematic Mapper for multitemporal analysis. But it is clear that also with a simple approach, as described in this paper, valuable information is gathered with Thematic Mapper over dynamic processes and the distribution of these processes over the area. REFERENCES Angstrom, A. 1925. The albedo of various surfaces of ground. Geografiska Ann. 7: 323. Bartman, F.L. 1980. A time variable model of earth's albedo. NASA CR-159259. Bowers, S.A. & R.J. Hanks 1965. Reflection of radiant energy from soils. Soil Sci. 100(2): 130- 138. Chen, T.S. & G. Ohrig 1984. J. Atm. Sci. 41: p. 146. Epema, G.F. 1986. Processing of Thematic Mapper data for mapping purposes in Tunisia. In: ITC Journal of 4th symposium of ISSS working group remote sensing for soil survey, March 1985; in press. Koepke, P., K.T. Kriebel & B. Dietrich 1985. The effect of surface reflection function and of atmospheric parameters on the shortwave radiation budget. Adv. Space Res. Vol. 5, No. 6: 351-354. Kondratyev, K. Ya., V.I. Korzov, V.V. Mukhenberg & L.N. Dyachenko 1981. The shortwave albedo and the surface emissivity. Study conference on land surface processes in atmospheric general circulation models, Greenbelt, USA, 5-10 January 1981: 463-514. Larson, J.C. & B.R. Barkstrom 1977. Effects of realistic angular reflection laws for the earth's surface upon calculations of the earth atmosphere albedo. In: Proc. Symp. on radiation in the atmosphere, 19-23 Aug. 1976, Science Press, Princeton, N.Y.: 451-453. Makarova, N.M., A.E. Mikirov & V.A. Smerkalov 1973. Generalized dependance of land and sea surfaces' albedos on sun elevation. Trudy IPG 17: 203-210. Menenti, M. 1984. Physical aspects and determination of evaporation in deserts applying remote sensing techniques, Report 10 Inst. Land water Management Res. (ICW): 202 p. Mulders, M.A. & G.F. Epema 1986. The Thematic Mapper; a new tool for soil mapping in arid areas. In: ITC Journal of 4th symposium of ISSS working group remote sensing for soil survey March 1985; in press. Nack, M.L. & R.J. Curran 1978. Transformation of surface albedo to surface atmosphere albedo and irradiance, and their spectral and temporal averages. Third Conference on atmospheric radiation of the American Meteorological Society, June 27-30, 1978, Davis, California. Otterman, J. & R.S. Fraser 1976. Earth-atmosphere system and surface reflectivities in aric regions from Landsat MSS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 5: 247-266. Planet, W.G. 1970. Some comments on reflectance measurements of wet soils. Remote Sens. Environ. 1: 127-129.

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management (Volume 1)

Multivolume work

Volume

Chapter

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Volume

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation