Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Selection of bands for a newly developed Multispectral Airborne Reference-aided Calibrated Scanner (MARCS). M. A. Mulders, A. N. de Jong, K. Schurer, D. de Hoop

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Selection of bands for a newly developed Multispectral Airborne Reference-aided Calibrated Scanner (MARCS) M. A. Mulders Agricultural University Wageningen, Netherlands K.Schurer TFDL Wageningen, Netherlands A.N.de Jong TNO, Physics and Electronics Lab., The Hague, Netherlands D.de Hoop ITC, Enschede, Netherlands SUMMARY: A 16 band scanner is constructed which contains besides an array of detectors for measurement of radiation reflected and emitted from the land surface, the following: - a reference sensor which measures the flux of radiation coming from above from sun and sky; - a device for internal calibration of the signals derived from below of reflected and emitted radiation of the land surface. Further characteristics of the scanning device: - Silicon, Germanium, Leadsulfide, Leadselenide and pyroelectric detectors; - recording of data with videorecorders; - total scan angle of 60 degrees; - ground resolution at flying height of 500 m about 4.2 x 4.2 m . A number of bands is selected for this scanner. The bands have a width between 50 nm and 150 nm in the 0.3- 3 pm range but become broader in the 3-10 pm range (width 700-1000 nm). An additional band is chosen around 10.5 pm with a width of 5000 nm. The choice of bands is directed by the possibilities in the 0.3-13 pm range of the electromagnetic spectrum regarding information potential and transmission properties of the atmosphere. Indications may be obtained a.o. about the presence of iron oxides, lime, gypsum, layer silicates, soil moisture and about the coverage and condition of vegetation. INTRODUCTION Challenged by the high potential of multispectral remote sensing techniques for inventory of arid and semi-arid environments, the feasibility of a multiband instrument for earth-observation from the air was considered. As a result, a new airborne scanning device is being developed by the Physics and Electronics Laboratory T.N.O. (FEL-TNO, Den Haag), ITC (International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, Enschede) and TFDL (Technical and Physical Engineering Service, Wageningen). The device should have a light weight enabling its use in the field as well. The original set of bands suggested by the first author (AUW, Agricultural University, Wageningen) covered the visible and near infrared. T.N.O. proposed bands in the extension of these zones into the ultraviolet and mid up to thermal infrared. The scanner may be expected to be completed at the end of 1986. The first test flights were made in April 1986 with the aircraft of the ITC (PHITC Piper Chieftain). MARCS MARCS is an acronym for Multispectral Airborne Reference-aided Calibrated Scanner. The scanner operates in 16 channels covering the range from ultraviolet up to thermal infrared. It has an IFOV of 0.5° x 0.5°, thus reaching a ground resolution of 4.2 m x 4.2 m from an altitude of 500 m. The scan width is 60°. In Fig. 1, a schematic presentation is given of its design. Use is made of a rotating mirror with a square cross-section. Four scans are performed on each full rotation of the mirror axis. In each scan 16 picture-lines are recorded simultaneously for each of the bands. Thus, with an interval time between scans of 1.2 s, a groundspeed of 56 m/s results in a continuous recording of the scene under survey. Choppers are placed in front of each array for modulation of the incoming radiation flux and clamping purposes. Furthermore, internal calibration signals are measured in the dead time between two scans. By using interference filters and appropriate detector arrays, the following wavelength bands are taken for measurement : band centre width detectors (nm) (nm) 1 355 90 2 485 70 3 555 50 4 605 50 Si 5 655 50 6 800 100 7 870 60 8 1050 100 9 1640 80 Ge 10 1750 60 11 2175 150 PbS 12 2350 60 13 3750 700 PbSe 14 4850 700 15 9500 1000 pyro-electrical 16 10500 5000 material For measurement of the incoming radiation, a reference sensor is mounted on top of the aircraft. This sensor uses the same bands as described for the scanner and is developed by T.F.D.L. The detectors have diffusing entrance windows to closely approximate true cosine responses. Data are recorded during the scan. They are merged into the main data stream. The very high amount of data requires specific techniques for recording. For this purpose, T.N.O. and ITC have developed a system using videorecorders with digital data storage. For analysis of the recorded data, ground systems connected to large computers are available. By

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