Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: On the estimation of the condition of agricultural objects from spectral signatures in the VIS, NIR, MIR and TIR wavebands. R. Söllner, K.-H. Marek & H. Weichelt, H. Barsch

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

3 METHOD ICS AND RESULTS OF THE INTERPRETA TION OF SPECTRAL SIGNATURE DATA The typical spectral course of the remission or vegetative objects and of bare soil is well known. Primarily the spectral signa ture in the whole spectral band 0.4 - 2.5 /urn is determined by the architecture of tne stock. The more oven and horizontal the leaves of the stock are and the higher i.a. the remission capacity within this whole spectral range. In the spectral band 0.4 - 0.7 /urn the incident radiation is absorbed by the pigments in the leaves (e.g. by the chlorophyll absorption at 0.63 - 0.69 /um) and in the spectral band 1.3 - 2.5 /urn by the water contained in the leaves. The depth of the absorption bands first of all depends on the primary emission with reference to the architecture os well as the chlorophyll and water content. The degree of soil coverage of stocks without complete coverage has a decisive influence on the spectral signature, which then become a mixed signature. Especially in the spectral band C.4 - 0.7 7 um the strength of the ground cover-influence is determined by the colour contrast between soil and plant (the colour contrast is esp. dependent on the pigmentcontent of the plant as well as on the humus and water content of the soil), and in the spectral band 1.3 - 2,5 /um it is determined by the contrast between the water content of the plant and that of the soil. In the thermal infrared band the spectral signature reflects the temperature of the stock of plants which results from the surrounding air temperature, the architecture of the stock of plants, its evapotranspiration as well as the wind conditions. The evapotranspiration itself depends on the size of the perspiring leaf area per rn^ soil (LAI), on the species and site-specific intensity of the vegetable discharge and the évapotranspiration pro portion of the soil. Figure 3 shows four exmples for concrete signatures measured with the radiometer from the helicopter. The cases discussed here ore disticntly marked in the whole spectral course of the signatures. Taking - as in the biogeographical surveys - extent and capacity of the assimilation apparatus as well as the accumulated assimilation pro ducts as a measure for the productivity of stocks it con altogether be derived that a stock is the more productive, the lower the indices of the spectral signatures during the chlorophyll absorption, of the water absorption bands and in the thermal infrared are, and the higher the indices the near infrared remission plateau shows. This criterion - in the following named producti vity criteriton - was applied to the spectral signature data ascertained along the trajectories to assess the stocks situated in the measuring alignements according to their yield formation. The formulated productivity criterion was concretized as follows and used for the cleavage of a quantity of spectral signature indices into two parts representing a more productive and a less productive target state: if the spec tral signature indices of a target in the channels 3,7 and 8 are lower than the average signature indices of the target quantity to be binarized in these channels and if the spectral signature index in channel 4 is higher than the average index in channel 4 it will be grouped into the Figure 3. Examples for concrete signatures measured with the radiometer from the helicopter more vital part. If this condition is not fulfilled the target will be grouped into the less vital port. This criterion is applied hierarchically to the quantity of targets as long as there is onl„ one target in each hierarchy branch left or until the targets left can no longer be divided. As a result this procedure leads to an order of precedence of targets or groups of tar gets in relation to their degree of pro ductivity. In a first duct those spectral signature indices were taken together as a target quantity which corresponded to alignement parts with beet and grain crops. In a second duct the two alignement parts were divided into two parts of about equal length. Independently they were clustered into 10 classes with the cluster algorithm KMEANS. The cluster averages in all 8 channels as well as the distribution of the clusters on the trajectories were thereby stated. Those clusters corresponding to beet and grain crops form the target quantity for the application of tine productivity criterion. In both cases this leads to an order of precedence of targets, which begins with the most porductive target (or target quantity) on both alignements and ends up with the least productive target (or target quantity). To qualify these statements the average soil measuring indices of test pill areas were adjoined to this order of precedence in a way that the soil measuring indices for minimum and maximum stock quality of a test pill part corresponds to the lowest respectively highest rank of this test pill area. The average was formed when the soil measuring data of several test pill areas could be adjoined to a rank.

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