Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Monitoring of renewable resources in equatorial countries. R. van Konijnenburg, Mahsum Irsyam

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

335 Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Monitoring of renewable resources in equatorial countries R.van Konijnenburg Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs (NIVR), Delft, Netherlands Mahsum Irsyam Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta ABSTRACT: Studies have been conducted on the feasibility of a joint Indonesian-Netherlands project for the development and operation of a dedicated Tropical Earth Resources Satellite (TERS) system. The studies confirm the need for an earth-observation system with a high temporal and geometric resolution to provide the capabili ty of monitoring the renewable resources in equatorial countries. The result of cloud studies indicates that the requirement for a high temporal resolution cannot be met by a satellite in polar orbit. An equatorial orbit however will enable to meet this requirement. In the course of the studies the user requirements for such a tropical earth-observation satellite were elaborated. Based on these requirements a baseline design was conceived. "Key applications" have been identified, which would typically need a TERS system and which are of sufficient importance from a benefits point of view. The two most important fields of application are agricul ture and forestry. Analysis of these key applications indicate profits in excess of yearly cost. It has been recognized that it will be necessary to ascertain that by the time TERS becomes operational an adequate infrastructure for the utilisation of such a system will be available. For that purpose the preliminary outlines of a rice production monitoring system and of a TERS utilisation preparation plan have been esta blished. 1 INTRODUCTION An effective management of the renewable and non-renewable resources of a country requires up to date information where all the modern techniques and methods should be applied. After a hesitant start in the seventies, satellite remote sensing is gradually proving itself as a valuable tool for gathering such information. Satellite earth observation (remote sensing) is and will be an indispensable tool for the management of extensive countries like Indonesia, if the satellite systems are combined with the right groundsegment. The government can use the unbiased and timely information in an effective central management and on the other hand it will be possible to delegate the execution of its policy to the regions. Joint Indonesian-Netherlands studies have been performed on the concept of an remote sensing system, designed for the specific needs of the equatorial countries and Indonesia in special. 2 SYSTEM CONCEPT The U.S. Landsat's 1, 2 and 3, which could provide imagery with a geometric resolution of about 80 m, provided for ample applications in the field of geo logy, vegetation classifications and acted as a very course substitute and complement to aerial photography. For various applications the LANDSAT satellites proved to have limitations as the details are sometimes too small to be observed and the problem posed by the long time between overpasses is amplified by the frequent cloud cover in certain regions. The problem of the coarse resolution is being solved in the new generation of satellites (Landsat 5 and Spot). In the equatorial countries the problem of the long time between overpasses can be solved by using an equatorial orbit as to be used by the Tropical Earth Resources Satellite (TERS). In principle there are two ways to cope with the cloud cover problem. The first possibility is the use of microwave sensors (radar) which can penetrate the clouds. The application of radar for the monitoring of renewable resources however is still experimental, operational systems are a long way off and cannot be expected before the year 2000. A second way to solve the cloud cover problem is the use of sensors in the visible spectrum combined with an increased number of overpasses and the capability of selective viewing. Selective viewing can be implemented by using a could sensor and the pointing capability of either satellite or instrument. This latter solution is pursued in the TERS studies. The TERS concept is similar to an idea, which at an earlier date has been proposed by the Indonesian National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). The baseline for the TERS system was set in a workshop held in 1979 and basically consists of the following elements: -equatorial orbit resulting in four daytime passes per day -cloud detecting capability for selecting cloud-free regions -pointable multispectral optical instrument as payload Figure 1 shows the main elements of the concept.This concept has been studied into more depth to show the feasibility of the concept. The feasibility studies were started with an inven tory of the user requirements. A coverage pattern between latitudes of 10°N and 10°S in a true equatorial orbit of 1680 km altitude, with off-nadir pointing capability of the optical instrument could fulfil most of the identified Indonesian user requirements. Furthermore three spectral bands were specified in the the wavelength interval of 400-1000 nm, which will enable identification and monitoring of most crops and green vegetation. A preliminary design study has established the configuration and the main parameters of the satellite system. The primary purpose of this study was to confirm the technical feasibility of the true equatorial orbit at 1680 km. At this altitude the proton radiation is quite severe, so normal optical glasses would be coloured and electronics would be damaged. It has been proved that it is possible to reduce the effects of this radiation to acceptable limits by shielding and the use of special radiation hardened materials and components. The design of the optical instrument posed also a challenge, because of the tight requirements for the geometric and radiometric resolution from an altitude of 1680 km.

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