Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Optimal Thematic Mapper bands and transformations for discerning metal stress in coniferous tree canopies. C. Banninger

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Optimal Thematic Mapper bands and transformations for discerning metal stress in coniferous tree canopies C.Banninger Institute for Image Processing and Computer Graphics, Research Centre Joanneum, Graz, Austria ABSTRACT: A statistical analysis of multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data acquired from a pine and a spruce tree stand growing in copper-lead-zinc enriched soils helped define the TM spectral bands and transformations best suited for detecting metal stress in conifer ous tree canopies. Based on four Landsat TM scene dates, the first principal component (PC1) and the band difference BD1 rank the highest of thirty-one single and transformed TM bands examined, followed by the TM brightness index (TMB) and Thematic Mapper bands 5 and 7. 1 . INTRODUCTION To effectively employ geobotanical re mote sensing techniques in mineral explora tion, a simple and expedient approach is required that will help define suitable tar get areas for follow-up examination by ground- based exploration methods. Plants growing in soils containing toxic concentrations of heavy metals normally undergo changes that alter both their physiological make-up and their external appearance. These changes to a plant are detectable by remote sensing means, and in particular by the Thematic Mapper sensor system on board Landsat 4 and 5. Both single and transformed TM bands have been employed to monitor the state of vege tation growth and the condition of its health, although these have been applied in most studies on a singular basis and may not have been the most suitable band or trans formation for the purpose or task at hand. The question still remains as to which The matic Mapper bands and transformations are best at defining metal-related stress in vegetation stands. To help answer this question - at least with respect to coniferous forests - thirty- one single and transformed Thematic Mapper spectral bands (TABLE 1) for each of four Landsat scene dates of two mineralised forest- covered area's in southwestern Spain and south eastern Austria were statistically evaluated to determine the most effective TM bands and transformations for metal stress detection. The transformed TM bands employed in the analysis are configured to enhance or better define important plant-energy relationships associated with plant growth and health. A brief description of the test sites, ground and Thematic Mapper data utilised in the study, and the analytical and statisti cal approaches employed in the evaluation of these data sets is presented in the fol lowing sections. A more comprehensive des cription of these topics can be found in Banninger 1984, 1985a, b, c, and 1986. 2. DESCRIPTION OF TEST SITES, GROUND DATA COLLECTION, AND THEMATIC MAPPER SCENES A mature, densely wooded pine and spruce forest comprise the Spanish and Austrian test sites. High concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc occur in the soils at both test sites, and soil metal isopleth maps derived from the soil sample data provided the means to relate the soil geochemistry to the overlying tree canopies, and subsequently to the Thematic Mapper canopy radiance values. Soil metal values for the Spanish test site range from 26-153 ppm for copper, 30-325 ppm for lead, and 39-205 ppm for zinc; for the Austrian test site, copper values range from 20-940 ppm, lead values from 10-10,000+ ppm, and zinc values from 60-6300 ppm. No overt mani festations of stress are present in the two test site tree stands. Thematic Mapper canopy radiance values employed in the study consisted of January 1983 and August 1984 acquired scene data for the Spanish test site and June and August 1984 acquired scene data for the Austrian test site. Atmospheric haze corrections were ap plied to all scene radiance values before their computational use. 3. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS A linear regression analysis of the two ground and four Landsat scene data sets pro vided the basis for evaluating the thirty- one TM bands and transformations. Landsat canopy pixel radiance values were regressed against Landsat pixel metal values, after first transforming the soil metal data con tained in the isopleth maps to their corre sponding TM test site pixels. A dot grid scaled to the dimensions of the instantane ous field of view of the Thematic Mapper sensor system was used to obtain the average copper, lead, and zinc values for each pixel position. Pearson product moment correlation coef ficients (r-values) for the higher ranking TM bands and transformations of each of the four Landsat scene dates extend to a maximum of r=-0.80 and r=-0.68 for the January and August Spanish scene dates, and up to r=-0.73

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