Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Inventory of decline and mortality in spruce-fir forests of the eastern U.S. with CIR photos. W. M. Ciesla, C. W. Dull, L. R. McCreery & M. E. Mielke

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

396 6 U.S. VERSUS EUROPEAN APPROACHES TO FOREST DECLINE INVENTORIES Since the late 1970’s, a regional decline, affecting many tree species has also appeared in Europe. In recent years CIR aerial photos have also been widely used in West Germany (Hildebrandt 1985) and other European nations (Scherrer et al. 1981; Zirm et al. 1985). To date, inventories of forest decline in the United States have emphasized detection and quantification of trees with "hard” damage symptoms such as tree mortality and top or branch dieback. Consequently, we have been able to use relatively small photo scales. The photo scale currently recommended for tree level data is 1:8000 but aerial photos of considerably smaller scales have also been used to delineate vegetation and mortality classes (Table 1). In West Germany, on the other hand, emphasis on forest damge inventories has been on assessment of the condition of living trees; therefore, the full range of symptoms associated with forest declines: loss of older foliage, subtop dieback, discolored foliage, are classified on aerial photos using a 5-class rating system. Aerial photos of a larger scale are normally used to resolve these more subtle symptoms. The most commonly used photo scales are 1:5000 and 1:6000 (Hildebrandt 1985). In the United States, forest damage inventories have been designed to provide data on numbers of trees, volumes, and basal area per unit area of land (per acre) by various damage or decline classes. This has necessitated interpretation and rating of all trees on an aerial photo plot of known size. In inventories conducted in West Germany, resultant data is most frequently represented in terms of the proportion of trees or area of given species in each damage class (Anon 1984). These data are obtained by rating a fixed number of trees in a series of cluster plots on aerial photo sample strips (Hildebrandt and Kadro 1984). Photo interpretation keys have been developed for large scale CIR photos in West Germany for identification of tree species, including spruce and fir, and rating damage (Grundmann 1984; Masumy 1984). This approach is of interest in designing future inventories of forest decline in the eastern United States. We are presently developing photo interpretation guidelines for separation of spruce and fir on CIR photos and there are indications that the more subtle symptoms of decline can also be detected. If this approach can be applied to forest conditions in the United States we will undoubtedly also be using CIR aerial photos at scales in the range of 1:4000 to 1:6000. REFERENCES Adams, H.S., S.L. Stephenson, T.J. Biasing, and D.N. Duvick. 1985. Growth-trend declines of spruce and fir in mid-Appalachian subalpine forests. Environ mental and Experimental Botany 25(4):315-325. Anonymous. 1984b. 1984 forest damage survey. Press and Information Department, Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry, Federal Republic of Germany. Mimeographed Report, 11 pp. plus tabs. desia, W.M., R.A. Allison, and F.P. Weber. 1962. Panoramic aerial photography in forest pest man agement. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 46:719-723. Fowells, H.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. USDA Forest Service Agr. Handbook 271. 762 pp. Friedland, A.J., R.A. Gregory, L. Karenlampi, and A.H. Johnson. 1984. Winter damage to foliage as a factor in red spruce decline. Can. J. For. Res. 14:963-965. Grundmann, 0. 1984. Zur Aufstellung von Interpreta- tionschliisseln ftir die Schadeinstufung von Fichte und Tanne in Infrarot-Farbbildern. Allgem. Forst Zeits.39(43/44):1093-1094. Hawksworth, F.G. and A.L. Shigo. 1980. Dwarfmistle- toe on red spruce in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Plant Dis. 64:880-882. Hildebrandt, G. and A. Kadro. 1984. Aspects of countrywide inventory and monitoring of actual forest damages in Germany. Bildmessung und Luft bildwesen. 52:201-216. Hildebrandt, G. 1985. Waldschaden und ihre Erfas sung durch Fernerkundung. In Niesslein, E. and G. Voss. 1985. Was wir 'über das Waldsterben wissen. Cologne: Deutscher Institutes Verlag, pp. 97-111. Hopkins, A.D. 1899. Report on investigations to determine the cause of unhealthy conditions of spruce and pine from 1880-1893. West Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 56, 270 pp. Hopkins, A.D. 1901. Insect enemies of the spruce in the Northeast. USDA Bureau of Entomology Bull. 28, 80 pp. Hornbeck, J.W. and R.B. Smith. 1985. Documentation of red spruce growth decline. Canad. J. Forest Res:15 1199-1201. Johnson, A.H. and T.G. Siccama. 1983. Acid deposi tion and forest decline. Env. Sei. and Tech. 17: 294-305. Kucera, D.R., and R.G. Taylor. 1984. Spruce budworms situation in North America, 1983. USDA Forest Service and Env. Canada Canad. Forestry Service Misc. Pub. 1441, 27 pp. Lambert, H.L. and W.M. Ciesla. 1966. Status of the balsam woolly aphid in North Carolina and Tennes see - 1965. USDA Forest Service, Div. State and Pvt. Forestry, Asheville, NC, Rpt. 66-1-1, 12 pp. Little, E.L. 1971. Atlas of United States trees, V.l. Conifers and important hardwoods. USDA Misc. Pub. 1146. Masumy, S. 1984. Interpretationsschlüssel zur Aus wertung von Infrarot-Farbluftbildern f*ür die Wald schadensinventur. Allgem. Forst Zeits 39:1093- 1094. Mielke, M.E., D.G. Soctomah, M.A. Marsden, and W.M. Ciesla. 1986. Decline and mortality of red spruce in West Virginia. USDA Forest Service, Forest Pest Management Methods Application Group, Fort Col lins, CO, Rpt. No. 86-4. Pyle, C., M.P. Schatale, and T.R. Wentworth. 1985. History of disturbance in spruce-fir forests of the SARRMC intensive study sites—Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area, Black Mountains and Great Smoky Mountains. SARRMC-Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Ecosystem Assessment Project, 67 pp. Scherrer, H.U., H. Fruhler, and Felix Mahrer. 1981. Ill-Alternative Verfahren für die Interpretation von Fohrenschaden (Pinus silvestris L.) auf mit tel masstablichen infrarot-Farbaufnahmen. Memoirs- Eidgenossischen Anstalt fur das Forsliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 57:433- 452. Siccama, T.G., M. Bliss, and H.W. Vogelmann. 1982. Decline of red spruce in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Bull. Torrey Botanical Club 109:162-168. Wear, J.F., R.B. Pope, and P.W. Orr. 1966. Aerial photographic techniques for estimating damage by insects in western forests. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Portland, OR, 79 pp. Weiss, M.J., L.R. McCreery, I. Millers, M. Miller- Weeks, and J.T. O'Brien. 1985. Cooperative survey of red spruce and balsam fir decline and mortality in New York, Vermont and New Hampshire - 1984. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, NA-TP-11, 53 pp. Zirm, K. et al. 1985. Erhebung der Vitalität des Waldes in Vorarlberg, (^sterieichisches Bundesins titut für Gesundheitwesen. Vienna, 80 pp. plus illus.

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