Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: The use of aerial photography for assessing soil disturbance caused by logging. J. G. Firth

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Table 1. Strata descriptions for classifying soil disturbance on aerial photographs. 442 Stratum Description 0 Undisturbed areas There is no evidence of soil disturbance either from log pulling or machinery travelling over the area. The litter layer is present in an undisturbed state, and there is no soil compaction. 1 Lightly disturbed areas Lightly disturbed areas are created when machinery and/or logs move over the ground once or twice only. The litter layer is still present in this stratum, although it may be disturbed slightly and, in sloping country, it may have been moved a short distance by rain. Soil compaction is low. 2 Minor skid trails and moderately disturbed areas As the soil disturbance increases, clear skid trails form. On minor skid trails, litter and vegetation are still present, usually mixed with the topsoil. The strip down the centre of the trail still has litter present. Stratum 2 also consists of areas between the minor skid trails where the litter layer has been removed by log pulling or other means. Soil compaction is moderate. 3 Most major skid trails As the minor skid trails meet and soil disturbance increases further, major skid trails form. The litter has gone completely, revealing the topsoil, which gives the stratum its colour. Subsoil may sometimes be seen mixed with the topsoil. Soil compaction is usually high. 4 Landings and some major skid trails The topsoil and litter layer have been completely removed, revealing the subsoil, which gives the stratum its colour. The subsoil has been penetrated to a significant degree and is usually severely compacted. 3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL DISTURBANCE AND TREE GROWTH When a forest manager is confronted with soil disturbance, his main concern is whether it is detrimental to tree growth. To study this problem, FRI has established several trials of various designs throughout New Zealand. While it will be a few years before these trials are completed and firm conclusions can be drawn, there are some interesting preliminary results. For example, in a trial situated on a sandy soil in Esk Forest there was little difference in height between trees in strata 0, 1, 2, and 3 (Figure 1, based on 25 nine-tree plots per stratum). There was a 19% reduction in height for trees in stratum 4. If this trend has a long term nature, then for this soil type the five soil disturbance strata can be reduced to two: 1. landings and major skid trails where the subsoil is visible and ground heavily compacted, and 2. all other areas. This reduced classification would make soil disturbance mapping much simpler and easier where there is a distinct colour difference between the subsoil and the other soil horizons. Tests have shown that in this situation, panchromatic photography can also be used. Because this film type is normally used by mapping agencies in New Zealand, photographs are readily available for most areas. The existence of panchromatic coverage of many New Zealand forests means that we can address the all important question, "If soil disturbance reduces tree growth, how long does the effect last?" The oldest of FRI's soil disturbance growth trials is described by G. Murphy (unpubl. data). This trial, situated on Tairua Forest MEAN TREE HEIGHT + STANDARD ERROR (CM) SOIL DISTURBANCE STRATUM Figure 1. Relationship between tree height and soil disturbance for Pinus radiata age 2 years. clay soil, has demonstrated that heavy soil disturbance (strata 3 and 4) can have a marked effect on radiata pine growth even seven years after the disturbance has occurred. It is intended to use old aerial photographs to extend observations beyond the seven year period to a full rotation, which for radiata pine in

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