Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Mangrove mapping and monitoring. John B. Rehder, Samuel G. Patterson

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

our research team to analyze and map cate gories of: red fringe, red riverine, black and mixed mangroves in addition to categories of upland and marsh ecosystems / sand and beach / and man-made surfaces of roads and urban developments. By compari son, in the Butera study Landsat MSS data of digitally mapped categories revealed black mangroves / mixed mangroves / a category called damaged mangroves because of hurri cane damage / water / other / and un classified. At no time was there a clear indication of the presence of red fringe or red riverine mangrove patterns. We realize that these are uneven compari sons based on differences in image scale, resolutions of 80 meters compared to resolutions of from 3 to 10 meters. All of which means that with these types of data, if one needs to investigate mangroves up close, then one must move close to the subject through the use of higher resolu tion aircraft imagery. In future research, we expect that the 30 meter Thematic Mapper Landsat data will be of greater use to us than the MSS data have shown and even may be comparable to high altitude aircraft data. 2.2 Geographic Information Sysyterns (GIS) Aircraft imagery from 1952, 1962, 1973, and 1984 were scaled to a common scale of 1:24,000,interpreted and mapped for mangrove species and communities, and digitized into a GIS data base. Map overlays were initially produced from manually interpreted aircraft imagery in black and white and color infrared. The mangrove species and communities of red fringe, red riverine, black mangrove, mixed, and upland categories were delineated onto mylar overlays. The completed mylar overlays were then manually digitized on a Calcomp digitizer and entered into a GIS on an ERDAS (Earth Resources Data Analysis System). The pixel cell size of the digitized maps was 10 meters. A matrix analysis was used to produce statistical comparisons between maps for different dates. Matrix analysis allowed for cross references and comparisons to be made for each pixel for each map for any combi nation of dates from 1952, 1962, 1973, and 1984. The digital mapping of Marco Island provided a retrievable data base as a GIS that could be continually updated as eco systems and landcover changed. Such data bases, enabled us to inventory several cate gories of mangrove as well as landcover and to calculate acreages of change. 3. CHANGE DETECTION A major concern has been the destruction of mangrove ecosystems by residential and com mercial development in the Marco Island area. As part of our work with aircraft data we completed a series of analyses of change detection. Four time periods were analyzed: 1952, 1962, 1973, and 1984. The Marco Island inventory of mangrove com munities and landuse provided calculations of category descriptions and acreages. A clear trend showed a decline in mangrove acreages and an increase in the areal extent of resi dential and commercial land development. Comparisons between maps xor tne dates oi 1952, 1962, 1973, and 1984 provided visual and statistical proof of changes in areal extent and distribution that have occurred to the categories of: mangrove communities/ converted or urban/ and "other land". Mangroves changed from a total acreage of 11,285 in 1952 to a total of 8,577 in 1984. This represented an areal decrease of 2,708 acres of mangroves in the 32 year period. In terms of species, black mangrove experienced the most dramatic changes over the 32 year period. Black mangroves changed from 4,250 in 1952 to 2,344 in 1984. The net loss was 1,906 acres. Despite the rapid growth and change in the area, mixed mangroves did not show large declines in acreage. Mixed man groves occupied 4,755 acres in 1952 and 4,495 in 1984. This became a net loss of only 260 acres. However,this is a misleading figure as categories changed and were offset by the natural expansion of the mixed mangrove category into areas formerly occupied by pure stands of black mangrove. The red fringe mangrove communities were reduced by 206 acres by the changes between 1,390 acres for 1952 to 1,184 acres in 1984. The precipitous decline in the "other land" category from 3,506 acres to 845 acres be tween 1952 and 1984, was the result of water front development which began in 1962 but escalated in the 1969 through 1973 period. The net decline in "other land", pre dominantly uplands, was 2,661 acres. The change in the uplands was the most striking in that nearly all changes were the result of the land development of Marco Island. The uplands changed from 2,508 acres in 1952 to 553 acres in 1984, with a net loss of 1,955 acres. 4. CONCLUSIONS Mangrove ecosystems of the Marco Island area were successfully mapped through the use of remote sensing and GIS techniques. Changes in the areal extent of the mangrove com munities were successfully identified with respect to man-induced disturbances. Between the years of 1952 and 1984, the total of mangrove acreages declined by 2,708 acres. Uplands were reduced by 1,955 acres. But developed urban residential and commercial property, increased by 5,102 acres at the expense of some important nutrient producing mangrove areas. Although mangroves are prime land for certain coastal developments, they are also vital to marine estuarine ecosystems. Knowledge of mangrove productivity in detrital(leaf litter) export for fisheries and map information on the distribution and areal extent of each mangrove community would enable researchers to estimate the ecological significance of site-specific disturbances. The areal extent of Florida's mangroves, and the ratio of black, mixed, red fringing, and red riverine must be measured and mapped in order to examine the ecological impacts of coastal development. The primary objective of this research has been to demonstrate the remote sensing and mapping techniques that best provide the necessary details for mangrove species and community analysis. Although Landsat MSS data provide adequate information on the broadest areal coverage, we must still rely on aircraft data for proper species identifi cation until such time we can determine the full capabilities of Landsat TM data for mapping the mangrove ecosystems for Florida and ultimately for much of the world's tropical mangrove regions.

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