Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 1 Visible and infrared data. Chairman: F. Quiel, Liaison: N J. Mulder

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Image optimization versus classification - An application oriented comparison of different methods by use of Thematic Mapper data. Hermann Kaufmann & Berthold Pfeiffer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede /August 1986 Image optimization versus classification - An application oriented comparison of different methods by use of Thematic Mapper data Hermann Kaufmann & Berthold Pfeiffer Institut für Photogrammetrie und Topographie, Universität Karlsruhe, FR Germany ABSTRACT: Image optimization and classification procedures are comparatively analyzed and discussed relative to their possibilities and limitations for distinct applications. To meet the objectives LANDSAT Thematic Mapper, data of two test-sites in different climatic areas (Saudi-Arabia and Southwest-Germany) have been choosen. For optimized presentation of TM-imagery, a basic concept was developed through which structural as well as spectral image contents can be enhanced within one product. By choice of bands and processing parameters the concept can be modified and fitted to various applications. Supervised and unsupervised classification methods are applied to separate surface phenomena by use of original-, enhanced-, and preprocessed data. Comparative evaluations have shown, that both methods give best results using not more than three information bands for one evaluation step. By qualitative and quantitative analysis it could be demonstrated, that classifying with original, enhanced or preprocessed components leads to the same results. For geologic applications in arid areas a standard band combination could be defined, which offers optimized conditions for rock discrimination and possibilities for separating diagnostic features. Concerning landuse applications, the various spectral behaviours of different surface phenomena, cannot be meaningfully represented within one product. The lack of structural information on classification results however could be removed by special merging techniques under use of image optimization products. Keywords: Image optimization, classification, Thematic Mapper, comparison of methods. 1 INTRODUCTION In the past years a great variety and amount of remo tely sensed data has been offered from operational sensors. Forthcoming systems, characterized by ad vanced technologies with possibilities of multiband and stereorecordings are already launched. For data evaluation, different methods for enhancement and display are applied. This paper compares the advantages and disadvan tages of image optimization and classification me thods for several tasks with regard to distinct climates. Besides this optimal, transferable results for operational processing and meaningful combina tions of both methods can be demonstrated. To meet the objectives, two test-sites of different climatic character were selected (Fig. 1a, b). One is located in the Rhine-graben area and shows the city of Karlsruhe in its center. The second area is situated in SW-Saudi Arabia at the border to S.- Jemen and characterized by manifold lithological and structural varieties. 2 STATE OF THE ART 2.1 Image Optimization Image optimization or enhancement is one method app lied to digitally recorded od digitized data. By employing various techniques, image contents already present in the raw data are made visible for the use of interpreters. In general, enhancement algorithms can be divided into two major groups. One group is especially used to enhance or suppress structural information. Such filtering techniques offer a wide range of applications e.g. for structural geology. The second group is best suited to enhance spectral image contents of multiband recordings. Ratio- and principle component transformations are applied to two ore more bands of multispectral information of the same target area, to emphasize spectral diffe rences, whereby structural (albedo-information) is simultaniously suppressed. Common color composites represent to a certain degree a combination of enhanced structural and spectral information based on contrast stretch of each single band used for coding. However, if high- pass filtering is applied and added to the data, spectral variations (saturation) decrease. On the other hand, color composites calculated by use of Pc's or ratioproducts show a bad signal to noise ratio, which makes delineation of textural patterns, or subtle structural features, inpracticable. Considering that image products calculated by enhancement techniques are used to support geo scientists in planning, execution and completion of field work, requirements for basic concepts became obvious. Such a concept has to include the choice of bands and algorithms used. It is a matter of fact, that not all information given by a seven band sen sor (e.g. TM) can be presented in one single product. But contrary to vegetated areas, where more than a three band combination is needed to utilize the full spectrum of applications, experiences with many arid areas have shown, that a combination of TM-bands 1,4,7, covers most requirements for rock discrimination. This additionally includes the possibility to map hydrothermally altered areas through the presence of diagnostic absorption bands for Fe^+ and clay minerals (Kahle et a 1,1982). The'image enhancement now follows a concept which was developed to satisfy the needs of geologists for lithological and structural data evaluation. In particular - data should be processed in a way, which can be understood and interpreted by different user groups. - both structural and spectral (lithological) in formation should be emphasized and well diffe rentiated. - only those algorithms should be used, which do not reduce the signal to noise ratio.

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